Spacial Dis

Question 1

What is orientation illusion

Answer 1

A false perception of position or motion caused by discordant or erroneous sensory information

Question 2

What is spatial disorientation

Answer 2

A pilots false perception to position, altitude or motion in relation to gravitational vertical or the earths surface

Question 3

What is the major cause of spatial disorientation?

Answer 3

The orientation illusion

Question 4

What is a degraded visual environment?

Answer 4

A state of reduced visibility whereby spatial situational awareness and aircraft control cannot be maintained

Question 5

What is type one SD

Answer 5

Pilot fails to recognize the disorientation, may not think anything is wrong

Question 6

What is a type two SD

Answer 6

Pilot perceives the problem but may not know what’s causing the issue. Is correctable.

Question 7

How is type 2 SD correctable

Answer 7

3 way positive control transfer
Flight instruments
Cross check with crew

Question 8

How is type three SD present

Answer 8

Pilot experiences sensation where he or she can not orient using visual cues or intranets

Question 9

What’s the correction for type 3 SD

Answer 9

Control of the aircraft by copilot

Question 10

How much percent of equilibrium is visual

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

How much of equilibrium is vestibular

Answer 11

15%

Question 12

How much of equalibrium is proprioceptive

Answer 12

5%

Question 13

Orientation of vision requires what three things

Answer 13

Perception- detect object
Recognition- what object is
Identification- is it a threat?

Question 14

Focal vision and degrees

Answer 14

Object recognition and identification
30-40

Question 15

Ambient vision and degrees

Answer 15

Detects altitude, motion, cues and orients to environment
130/120 V
160/200 H

Question 16

With nvg what’s the normal field of view

Answer 16

40

Question 17

Focal and ambient vision work

Answer 17

Independently

Question 18

What are functions if the vestibular system

Answer 18

Tracking, reflex info, orientation without vision

Question 19

What is nystagmus

Answer 19

Inability to remain focused on an image
- Results from eyes inability to remain focused
- Most dangerous with nap of the earth flight

Question 20

What do the semicircular canals do

Answer 20

• Detects ya, pitch, and roll
• Feels change in both speed and direction

Question 21

What is the somatosensory system dependent on?

Answer 21

G forces

Question 22

What three systems are most important in equilibrium and balance

Answer 22

Visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive

Question 23

With the absence of vision what other system is worthless

Answer 23

Somatosensory

Question 24

*What self imposed stressor can have effects on vestibular system if residual effects are still there?

Answer 24

Alcohol

Question 26

Vection/induced motion

Answer 26

Visually induced perception of self motion

Question 27

What are some examples of when induced motion can happen in an aircraft

Answer 27

Tall grass, and water hovering

Question 28

Confusion with ground lights occurs when

Answer 28

Pilot confuses ground lights with stars or vice versa

Question 29

Crater illusion

Answer 29

Where the search light makes it seem like you are landing in a crater when you are not could lead to an earlier then expected landing

Question 30

Height/Depth illusion

Answer 30

Due to loss of vision of the ground perceived altitude is wrong leading to accidental drifting, hard landings

Question 31

Autokinesis

Answer 31

Occurs when static light appears to ove when looked at for several seconds

Question 32

False horizon

Answer 32

Occurs when pilot confuses clouds, mountain ridges or other things as the horizon

Question 33

Fascination

Answer 33

Failure to pay attention outside of the aircraft due to something inside the aircraft

Question 34

Fixation

Answer 34

Crew members ignore orientation cues and focus on an object or goal

Question 35

Structural illusion

Answer 35

Where straight lines look curves due to snow, rain, heat, or other visual disturbents. Window shit

Question 36

Distance illusion/size consistency

Answer 36

Crew member misinterprets an object of size and shape by comparing it with what they are already accustomed or used to seeing based on experience. Three parts of it include size, shape, and aerial perceptive

Question 37

What visual illusion can be caused by tall wavy grass, that makes the pilot continuously put inputs into the flight controls?

Answer 37

Induced motion

Question 38

Downsloping runway created the illusion that

Answer 38

The aircraft is lower then it really is leading to a higher approach

Question 39

Upsloaping runway may create the illusion that

Answer 39

The aircraft is higher then it actually is leading to a lower approach then Normal

Question 40

What visual illusion can be caused by tall wavy grass

Answer 40

Induced motion

Question 41

Somatogyal vestibular illusion caused by?

Answer 41

Stimulated by angular acceleration

Question 42

Somatogravic vestibular illusion caused by?

Answer 42

Otolith organs are stimulated by linear or vertical movement, can be accelerations or decelerations

Question 43

What is the most common form of SD

Answer 43

The leans

Question 44

What happens on the leans

Answer 44

Pilots corrects altitude and compensated for a false sensation of turning in the opposite direction

Question 45

How does the grave yard spin happen

Answer 45

The semicircular canals reach equilibrium during a long turn marketing the illusion that motion is no longer happening. Pilot goes through deceleration which is perceived incorrectly as spinning the other way and falsely correct the spin leading to spinning more. Pilot may note the loss of altitude and pull up trying to gain altitude but that just tightens the spin and leads to loss of control.

Question 46

What is considered the most deadly somattogyral illusion

Answer 46

Coriolis Illusion

Question 47

Somatogyral Illusions

Answer 47

- The Leans - Graveyard Spin - Coriolis

Question 48

Somatogravic illusions are caused by

Answer 48

Changes in gravity or linear acceleration and deceleration that stimulates the otolith

Question 49

What are the three types of somatogravic illusions

Answer 49

Oculogravic, elevator, and oculoagravic

Question 50

G-Excess

Answer 50

Change in magnitude not change in direction