Space technology Flashcards
the duration of a lunar day is ______ Earth days, the alternating cycles of daylight and lunar night occur over a period of approximately ____ weeks each.
29.5
two
Aditya – L1
* Launch vehicle: ______
o Study of Solar upper atmospheric ________ and _________-
PSLV C57
(chromosphere and corona, Solar flares and solar winds
The temperature in the corona is _____ K
or more, up to a _______ K.
* The corona cannot be seen with the naked
eye except during _____________
* The corona does not have an upper limit.
500,000
few million
a total solar eclipse, or
with the use of a coronagraph.
Unlike coronal holes, sunspots are areas where the
sun’s magnetic field is _______ (strong/weak) and the
magnetic lines twisted
extremely strong
Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916 in his ______ Theory of Relativity.
General
___________-frequency gravitational waves come
from smaller pairs of black holes.
* While the _______-frequency waves are
thought to be generated by huge black holes
A. Higher
B. Lower
Higher
lower
What advantage does NavIC offer over GPS in terms of positioning accuracy?
A. 20 meters accuracy compared to GPS’s 10 meters accuracy
B. 10 meters accuracy compared to GPS’s 20 meters accuracy
C. Both offer the same accuracy
D. NavIC is not as accurate as GPS
B
How many satellites make up the NavIC system?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Where have they placed it?
C
: 3 satellites are in geostationary orbit and 4 satellites placed in inclined geosynchronous
orbit.
What benefit does GAGAN provide to various sectors?
A. Improved internet connectivity
B. Enhanced security measures
C. Better navigation assistance for ships
D. Benefits to sectors like aviation, transportation, railways, surveying, maritime, highways, telecom industry, and security agencies
D
GAGAN is the first system in the world that would be certified to serve the equatorial anomaly region with its unique IONO algorithm
What is the purpose of a Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (DGNSS)?
A. To correct errors in satellite orbits
B. To assist in underwater navigation
C. To provide signals for space missions
D. To correct errors and inaccuracies in GNSS signals
D
Who collaborates to develop GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN)?
A. ISRO and Ministry of Defense
B. Airports Authority of India (AAI) and ISRO
C. Ministry of Science & Technology and Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology
D. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and NASA
B
______ are rapidly rotating neutron stars located at great distances from Earth. Scientists use them as “cosmic clocks” to study various aspects of the universe.
Pulsars
According to _________ theory, massive objects like planets and stars cause spacetime to curve around them, and this curvature influences the motion of other objects moving through that spacetime
General theory of relativity
Einstein Cross is a specific case of ___________
Gravitational Lensing
The chosen location for the LIGO-India observatory is in the ___________ of Maharashtra>
This observatory will be the third of its kind, joining the existing twin detectors located in___________ and Washington in the United States. there are plans for a fourth detector in ________, Japan, further expanding the international collaboration in gravitational-wave research.
Hingoli district
Louisiana
Kagra
What distinguishes the Einstein Telescope from existing gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO and Virgo?
A. It uses satellite-based interferometry
B. It employs underground interferometry technology
C. It relies on optical telescopes
D. It measures gravitational waves using radio waves
What is one of the key features of the Einstein Telescope mentioned in the passage?
A. It has a circular array of detectors
B. It detects gravitational waves using X-rays
C. It has significantly improved sensitivity compared to current detectors
D. It is operated solely by a single country
B
C
what is time dilation illustrates ?
Means time passes at different rates for different observers.
o It depends on their relative motion or positions in a gravitational field.
Relativistic jet is related to?
black hole
Basic Parts of Black Holes
* The Schwarzschild Radius: ????
* The Ergosphere:????
Proton ring ?
This is the event horizon’s radius at which the escape velocity is equal to the
speed of light.
If the black hole is rotating, then as it spins, its mass causes the space time around the
black hole to rotate as well
The ergosphere touches the event horizon at the poles and extends to a greater radius at the equator. Objects within the ergosphere cannot appear stationary with respect to an outside observer unless they move faster than light, which is impossible. The ergosphere surface, also known as the ergosurface, is the set of all points where an object would need to move at faster than light to appear stationary
hot plasma rotates around black hole
Neutrinos form where?
Are they part of atom?
How Neutrino detector work?
can they be broken down into
smaller parts?
* it has half spin or full spin?.
o Outnumber all the atoms in the universe.
o Only affected by gravity and the _____ force.
o 3 types – ????????
which type of neutrino sun emits ?
ü They can change from one type to
another as they travel. This process is
called ______________
Inside Sun during fusion
NO
they have something chlorine and when neutrinos react with chlorine it forms argon and scientist detect this argon.
no
half spin
weak
electron neutrino, tau neutrino and
muon neutrino.
electron neutrino
neutrino oscillation
Atmospheric neutrinos
* Produced around _____kms above Earth’s surface.
* They are produced from cosmic rays which
consist of protons and heavy nuclei.
* These collide with atmospheric molecules such
as Nitrogen to give off _______and ______ which
further decay to produce neutrinos.
15
pions and kaons
India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)
It is jointly funded by Dept of____________ and the Dept. of
o_____________ detector will be used for studying neutrinos.
o It will be located in ____________
Dept. of Atomic Energy (DAE)
Science and Technology (DST).
Iron Calorimeter (ICAL)
Bodi West Hills (BWH) region in Theni district of Tamil Nadu
________ was the name of first mission by NASA to enter Jupiter’s orbit
Galileo
alongwith Europa name three other moons of Jupiter
Lo, Ganymede, Callisto
Jupiter has 2nd highest number of moons _________ after Saturn _________
(95)
146 moons)
Trojans asteroid?
NASA’s __________ mission is the first spacecraft launched to explore the Trojan asteroids
Share an orbit with a larger planet, they are fixed at langrage point
Lucy
novel types of habitable exoplanets are identified, they are referred as ______ worlds
Hycean worlds
2023 FW13 is a Quasi Moon ? what is quasi moon?
Orbits the sun in a similar time frame as Earth does, but is only slightly influenced by Earth’s
gravitational pull.
What is a Blazar?
It is a type of galaxy that is powered by a humongous black hole.
* It is among one of the brightest and most powerful objects in the universe.
* The difference between Quasar and Blazar is that unlike Quasar, Blazar has its relitivistic jet pointed directly towards Earth.
Betelgeuse, seventh brightest star in sky (discounting the Sun), is spotted in constellation _____. It is also
called as _____________ in Indian astronomy.
* Star is in its late carbon-burning stage as it has already consumed both hydrogen and helium.
* When it would consume all the elements of periodic table, the gravity would compress the core and turn
it into a neutron star or a black hole.
Orion
‘Thiruvathirai’ or ‘Ardra’
What is the primary function of FEAST, the software developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)?
A) It simulates rocket launches and space missions.
B) It analyzes the behavior of structures under real-world forces.
C) It designs spacecraft propulsion systems.
D) It predicts weather patterns for satellite launches.
B
It perform Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of various structures, including rockets, aircraft, satellites, buildings, and so forth
What is the primary purpose of Nabhmitra, developed by ISRO?
A) Monitoring weather patterns
B) Enhancing safety for fishermen at sea
C) Assisting in satellite launches
D) Conducting maritime research
In addition to safety features, what other function does Nabhmitra serve?
A) Monitoring maritime boundaries
B) Providing navigational assistance
C) Analyzing fishing patterns
D) Predicting cyclones
Which organization developed Nabhmitra?
B
B
ISRO
Euclid mission
By.?
To study?
which langrage point it will be?
ESA
Dark matter and energy
2
Cassine mission
BY?
to study ?
what did it find?
ESA + NASA + Italian space agency
moons of saturn
phosphorous in water geyser on moon Enceladus
SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
By ?
to study ?
what did it find?
NASA and Germany
infrared waves at stratosphere
Star birth and death
Formation of new solar system
atomic oxygen in atmosphere of venus
Helium Hydride which was formed 14 billion years ago
NASA lucy mission
to study?
Jupiter’s trojan asteroid
PACE mission
By ?
to study?
NASA
Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem mission is
Oceanic surface or aerosol on the plankton
AstroSat
Launched in?
India’s first
to study?
2015
sources of X- rays, optical, UV spectral band
POEM -2
launched by ___ rocket
___ stage was powered by solar for the first time
PSLV
last
NISAR satellite
by?
what>?
NASA and ISRO
low earth orbit observatory
ISRO hybrid propulsion tech
Hydrolix-terminated polybutadiene as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer
More efficient and green
Solid - fuel liquid -oxidizer
__________boosters in gagan yan mission
HS200
World second largest boosters using solid propellant
Inflatable Aerodynamic De-accelerator is______
The IAD is designed to help decelerate payloads during atmospheric entry, which is crucial for safely landing on planetary bodies like Mars or Venus
Tested by ISRO
Uses Kevlar fabric
ROHINI sounding rocket
Stages?
First sounding rocket launched from India was _________in 1963
A rocket designed to take measurements and perform experiments during a sub-orbital flight
2 stage rocket - solid mostly
American Nike apace
RISAT -2
Radar Imaging satellite
Pictures of earth round the clock
boarder surveillance and monitoring
SpIN is ?
India’s first dedicated platform for space entrepreneurship
Hybrid solar eclipses occur when _______
the eclipse transitions between total and annular phases along its path
The last hybrid solar eclipse occurred on April 20, 2023. This hybrid eclipse was visible across parts of Australia, Timor-Leste, and Indonesia.
The next hybrid solar eclipse will occur on November 14, 2031
Coronal holes are areas or holes on sun’s surface from where ______gishes out
A. Solar Flares
B. Solar Winds
B
Pillar of creation in ____nebula
Eagle nebula
Einstein ring is related to _____ theory of relativity
A. General
B. Special
A
Stephan’s quintet is
group of 5 galaxies
out of which 4 are close to each other and 1 is near earth
Difference between annual and total solar eclipse
annular is when the moon doesn’t completely encircle and sun can still be seen at the edge around circle, because moon is at the apogee.
Total is when moon completely hides the sun cause moon is at perigee.
Quarks types
UP down Charm Strange top bottom
LZ detector for _______
Build by_________
Dark matter,
Underground USA
USA portugal UK Korea
Leptons types
Charged - Electrons, Muaon, Tao
Uncharged - Muan Neutrino, Tau Neutrino, Electronic Neutrino
56P86
Tell atomic number and atomic mass
then
Number of protons , electrons and neutrons
56 atomic number
86 atomic mass
Protons = electrons = 56
neutron = 86-56 = 20
