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Science CA > Health and defense > Flashcards

Health and defense Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another
through junctions called ____________

A

synapses

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2
Q

Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature Profiling (BEOSP)
P-300 test

What is BEOSP primarily designed to do?
a) Detect physiological changes in the accused
b) Sense brain wave responses to stimuli
c) Analyze voice patterns for interrogation
d) Record muscle movements during questioning

How does BEOSP differ from a polygraph test?
a) It involves questioning the accused.
b) It analyzes physiological indicators.
c) It relies on electroencephalogram readings.
d) It measures heart rate and blood pressure

A

B
C

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3
Q

How are Organ Chips different from traditional cell cultures?
a) They lack fluidic channels for replicating blood flow.
b) They are grown inside microfluidic chips.
c) They are not designed for experimentation outside the body.
d) They do not recapitulate the functions of human organs

What is the main objective of “organoid intelligence” research?
a) To study the behavior of organ chips in real-world scenarios
b) To create miniature brains for biocomputers
c) To develop biocomputers using brain cultures
d) To recreate complex structures and functions of human organs

A

B

D

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4
Q

What are Organ Chips designed to mimic?
a) Mechanical functions of human organs
b) Chemical reactions within the human body
c) Cellular interactions in living organisms
d) Complex structures and functions of human organs

A

D

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5
Q

‘Incentivizing the development of New Antibacterial
Treatments 2023’ Report BY _________
More about News
* Report is for the ____ countries
monitoring and handling of AMR

A

WHO
G7

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6
Q

Red Line Campaign on Antibiotics by
a. WHO
b. India
c. G7 countries
d. G 20 countries

A

B

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7
Q

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted from one person to another?
a) Communicable diseases
b) Non-communicable diseases
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b

Tuberculosis, influenza, and measles are examples of:
a) Communicable diseases
b) Non-communicable diseases
c) Lifestyle diseases
d) Genetic diseases

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of communicable diseases?
a) Can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact
b) Caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
c) Develop gradually over time
d) Can result in epidemics or pandemics

A

A
A
C

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8
Q

Cancer, diabetes, and hypertension are examples of:
a) Communicable diseases
b) Non-communicable diseases
c) Infectious diseases
d) Autoimmune diseases

Which of the following statements is true regarding non-communicable diseases?
a) They cannot be prevented.
b) They are caused by infectious agents.
c) They are not influenced by lifestyle factors.
d) They often develop as a result of genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices.

Malaria is an example of which type of disease?
a) Communicable disease
b) Non-communicable disease
c) Zoonotic disease
d) Vector-borne disease

A

B
D
A

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9
Q

Which of the following is a preventive measure for communicable diseases?
a) Vaccination
b) Regular exercise
c) Healthy diet
d) Genetic counseling

Which of the following statements is true about the transmission of communicable diseases?
a) They are only transmitted through direct contact with an infected person.
b) They can be transmitted through air, water, or vectors.
c) They are never transmitted from animals to humans.
d) They are only transmitted through sexual contact.

Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are examples of:
a) Communicable diseases
b) Non-communicable diseases
c) Degenerative diseases
d) Infectious diseases

A

A
B
B

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10
Q

Which of the following is a common symptom of communicable diseases?
a) Chronic fatigue
b) High blood pressure
c) Fever
d) Joint pain

A

c

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11
Q

75/25 initiative for? .

A

75 million people
with hypertension and diabetes to be put on
Standard Care by 2025

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12
Q

Shashakt Portal for ?

A

training of 40,000 Primary
Health Care Medical Officers

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13
Q

bacillus Mycobacterium is associated with

A

TB

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14
Q

____________ is only licensed vaccine available for TB prevention.

What does it prevents ?

A. pulmonary TB
B. extrapulmonary TB
c. both

A

Bacillle Calmette-Guerin (BCG)

B only

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15
Q

Nikshay Poshan Yojana provides nutritional
support to__________ patients

A

TB

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16
Q

Find. Treat. All. campaign is related to

A

TB patients

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17
Q

Moscow Declaration 2017: by WHO, to take urgent action to end ___________ by 2030.
* BPaL is a _____-month, all-oral, ______-drug regimen
BPaL is a ___________ treatment regimen that consists of: ____, _____, ______.

A

tuberculosis (TB)
Six
three, TB,
bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (Pa), and linezolid (L)

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18
Q

Casgevy and Lyfgenia, first cell-based gene
therapies, is approved for treatment of ________ in
patients 12 years of age and older.

______is the only treatment available right now?

A

sickle cell

bone marrow transplants
(Hematopoietic stem cell transplant) is the only cure
for this disease

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19
Q

why SCD is more common in tribal populations.?

A

o Tribal areas were endemic to malaria for many
years, hence to protect against malaria blood cell become sickle celled

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20
Q

All vertebrates except ___________
transport oxygen via haemoglobin

A

cold-water ice fish

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21
Q

Chondrocytes cells are cells that make
cartilage that is _________

A

connecting tissue between bones

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22
Q

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare introduced generic drugs for treating four rare diseases.

  • It includes _______
A

Tyrosinemia-Type 1, Gaucher’s Disease, Wilson’s Disease and Dravet or Lennox Gastaut
Syndrome- seizures

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23
Q

Wilson’s Disease:
Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder that causes ___________to accumulate in the liver, brain, and other organs.

A

copper

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24
Q

National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) comes under ________ ministry

A

Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers

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25
Q

________ portal provides standardized terminologies for Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani.

A

NAMSTE

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26
Q

difference between fortification and biofortification?

A

Unlike fortification, which adds nutrients after harvesting, biofortification boosts nutrients while plants are growing.

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27
Q

Trans fats are source of _____________ disease

A

non-communicable

28
Q

saccharin sodium, aspartame, acesulfame
potassium, sucralose, neotame.
are used as?

A

artificial sweeteners

29
Q

The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) is by _____ and ________

A

WHO and FAO

30
Q

SPECS 2030 Initiative
* A WHO initiative which aims to address ________

A

global vision impairment and blindness

31
Q

US. has approved world’s first vaccine for chikungunya named _________

Chikungunya virus transmitted by ?
Bite during day time ?

A

Ixchiq

Transmission: Mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus.
o These mosquitos bite primarily during daylight hours

32
Q

Zika virus
* Transmitted primarily by _________ mosquitoes, which bite mostly during _________
It is associated with ____________ syndrome

A

Aedes
the day
Guillain-Barré

33
Q

There is no vaccine for hepatitis ____, but it can be treated with antiviral medications

A

C

34
Q

outbreak of H9N2 in China.
* A subtype of the _____ virus

A

influenza A

35
Q

Onus of notifying any disease and implementation lies with ________ government

A

state

36
Q

elephantiasis.
o Caused by microscopic, parasites ___________ of the family _________

A

nematodes (roundworms), Filariodidea

37
Q

________ is a severe gangrenous disease of mouth and face.
o It mainly affects children aged 2−6 years old suffering from_____________
o Africa is most affected continent

A

Noma (cancrum oris)
malnutrition, living in extreme poverty
with poor oral health.

38
Q

India has successfully eliminated certain Neglected tropical diseases like _____,_______,________

A

guinea worm, trachoma, and yaws

39
Q

Two Declaration on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)

A

London Declaration
o Kigali declaration

40
Q

Bacteriophages are ______ that infect and replicate only in____________cells. _______ Therapy involves using Bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections

A

viruses
bacterial
Phage

41
Q

Macrophages are a type of _______ cell
when they get old they are called _____, or ______.
are they bad?

A

white blood
Senescent cells, zombie cells
when they get old they become bad as they can help tumor to grow

42
Q

_________ is used medically for radiation therapy as implants and as an external source of
radiation exposure.

A

Cobalt-60

43
Q

____________ cells were the first human cells to be successfully cloned.

A

HeLa

44
Q

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are _________
o They are produced through a process that involves extracting specific antibodies from human blood
and then they are ________
ü They are clones of just one antibody, and they bind to one antigen only.
o They are made by ____________cells (_____ cells) derived from the same parent cell.
ü Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs), on the other hand, are _________
o They have been used in the treatment of cancers, ___________etc.
o ___________ technology is used most common method to produce mAbs

A

artificial antibodies which mimic the activity of our immune systems.
cloned.
homogeneous hybrid , B,
a mixture of antibodies that are secreted by
different B cell lineages.
Ebola, HIV
Hybridoma

45
Q

In 2018, Arthur Ashkin won the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing __________ and showing how they can be used in biology

A

optical tweezers

46
Q

Fourth-generation
nuclear reactor uses _____________ for cooling
unlike conventional
power plants that use
pressurised water.

A

gas
(helium)

47
Q

Small modular reactor
(SMRs) are advanced
nuclear reactors, power
generation capacity
ranging from_______________

A

less than 30
MWe to 300+ MWe

48
Q

Coulomb Barrier is related to __________

A

nuclear fusion

49
Q

India has also constructed its indigenous tokamak __________ and semi-indigenous Steady State
Superconducting Tokamak (SST)-

A

ADITYA

50
Q

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project

Located in _____ and is a collaboration of China, EU, ___________, Japan, ______, Russia and US

A

France, India, Korea

51
Q

“Attained criticality” refers to what in nuclear fission reactor ? ________

A

the condition in nuclear reactor operations where the number of neutrons produced by fission reactions is sufficient to sustain a self-sustaining chain reaction. This signifies that the reactor is functioning at the point where it can generate a steady output of energy through nuclear fission.

52
Q

Uranium-__ has been discovered recently.
o It has atomic number ___ and mass number ___.
o It could have a half-life of ___ minutes

A

241
92
241
40

53
Q

India’s Air defense system
____________, a 4th generation Man
Portable system.
* ________ Air Defence system with a range
of 300 to 2000 km

__________ Weapon System, Short Range
Surface to Air Missile System,
indigenously designed and developed
by DRDO

A

Very Short Range Air Defence System
(VSHORADS)
Prithvi
Akash

54
Q

Iran presented its first domestically made hypersonic Missile named
__________

A

“Fattah”

55
Q

Pralay Missile
o Developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
o Range: ________Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM).
o Type: ___________
o Payload capacity: 500-1,000 kg.
o Has a_________ propellant, based on Prithvi Defence Vehicle

A

150-500 km
Surface-to-surface missile.
solid-fuel

India’s first tactical quasi-ballistic missile.

56
Q

Astra Missile
o Indigenously Developed by DRDO
o Beyond Visual Range _______missile
Max Speed: _____
Altitude: ____________

A

Air - to - Air missile
Mach 4.5
Up to 20 km

57
Q

Indian Air Force has received the Israeli Spike NLOS Anti-Tank Guided Missiles.
* Spike NLOS will be integrated with Russian-origin fleet of______________.
* About Spike NLOS
o Belongs to ___th Generation of Spike missiles.
o Capable of destroying enemy targets hidden behind mountains from long ranges.
o Range is upto __km.
o Lightweight, fire-and-forget tactical precision-guided missiles using electro-optical and fiber-optic
technologies.

A

Mi-17V5 helicopters
6
30

58
Q

Prachand is a indigenously developed multi-role combat helicopter.
o It was designed and developed by ________
o Only attack helicopter in the world that can land and take out at an altitude of _____metres.
o Capable of firing air-to-ground and air-to-air missiles.
o Fitted with 5.8-tonne twin-engine named__________

A

Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
5,000
Shakti engine

59
Q

PROJECT SANJAY
* The army under ‘Project Sanjay’ is working on creating _______________________

A

battlefield surveillance system for composite
operational picture.

60
Q

Thermobaric bomb
o Also known as ______________

A

vacuum or
aerosol bomb - or fuel air
explosive

61
Q

what is Varunastra ?

A

was successfully test-fired with a live warhead against an undersea target, by the Indian Navy.
* Indigenous ship-launched anti-submarine torpedo

62
Q

Dhanush?

A

First indigenously built long-range artillery gun

63
Q

The _______ Committee’s recommendations laid the foundation for health planning in India.

A

bhore

64
Q

Tactical and theatre are missile type of ___
which one has smaller range

A

Ballistic
Tactical has smaller range than theatre

65
Q

Phagocytes :
Neutrophils:

A

are white blood cells that protect the body by engulfing and digesting harmful particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells

The most abundant type of white blood cells, which quickly respond to infections and engulf pathogens.

Science CA (5 decks)

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