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DOST Review > Space Science > Flashcards

Space Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most widely accepted theory about
the origin of the universe?

a) Steady State Theory
b) Big Bang Theory
c) Oscillating Universe Theory
d) Multiverse Theory

A

b) Big Bang Theory

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2
Q

What does the term “inflation” refer to in
cosmology?

a) The formation of stars
b) The rapid expansion of the universe after the Big
Bang
c) The increase in temperature of the universe
d) The creation of galaxies

A

b) The rapid expansion of the universe after the Big
Bang

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3
Q

cosmological model that proposes the universe
undergoes a perpetual cycle of expansion and contraction (Big Crunch).

A

Oscillating Universe Theory

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4
Q

This hypothesis suggests that our universe is just one of
many universes that exist. These parallel universes could have different
physical laws and constants.

A

Multiverse theory

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5
Q

Approximately how many years ago did the Big
Bang occur?

a) 4.5 billion years
b) 13.8 billion years
c) 10.5 billion years
d) 7.2 billion years

A

b) 13.8 billion years

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6
Q

Approximately how many years ago did the Milky Way occur?

A

13.6 billion years

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7
Q

Approximately how many years ago did the Solar System and our Sun occur?

A

4.6 billion years

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8
Q

What is the observable universe?

a) The part of the universe we can see with
telescopes
b) The entire universe
c) The part of the universe within our galaxy
d) The universe’s black holes

A

a) The part of the universe we can see with
telescopes

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9
Q

afterglow of the
Big Bang, providing a snapshot of the universe when it was just 380,000 years
old

A

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation

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10
Q

What is in the center of the our galaxy (Milky Way
Galaxy)?

a) sun
b) blackhole
c) wormhole
d) white hole

A

b) blackhole

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11
Q

The name of that blackhole is…

a) Sagittarius A (Sgr A)
b) Gemini A (Ge A)
c) Capricorn A (Cp A)
d) Aquarius B (Aq B)

A

a) Sagittarius A (Sgr A)

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12
Q

region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that
nothing, not even light, can escape from it

A

black hole

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13
Q
  • formed from the remnants of a massive star that has
    ended its life cycle through a supernova explosion.
  • The core collapses under
    gravity, forming a black holes
A

Stellar black hole

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14
Q

found at the centers of most galaxies, including
the Milky Way.

Their formation mechanisms are still not completely
understood, but they may form from the merging of smaller black holes or
from large amounts of gas collapsing directly into a black hole

A

Supermassive Black Holes

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15
Q

theoretical region in space-time which is the
opposite of a black hole.

It is a solution to the equations of
general relativity that theoretically expels matter and light,
unlike a black hole which absorbs them.

A

White hole

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16
Q

also known as an Einstein-Rosen bridge, is a
theoretical passage through spacetime that could create
shortcuts for long journeys across the universe.

A

Wormhole

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17
Q

Who proposed the theory of general relativity,
which is crucial for understanding the universe’s
origin?

a) Isaac Newton
b) Galileo Galilei
c) Albert Einstein
d) Niels Bohr

A

c) Albert Einstein

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18
Q

describes the gravitational force as a curvature of
spacetime caused by mass and energy

A

Theory of General Relativity

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19
Q

According to physics, time is
____

a) static/contant
b) flows in one direction/one way
c) dynamic/can be manipulated
d) not enough evidence to prove any of the answers

A

c) dynamic/can be manipulated

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20
Q

The following properties can alter the time,
which of the following does not?

a) sound
b) speed
c) gravity
d) relative motion

A

a) sound

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21
Q

due to differences in gravitational
fields

A

Gravitational Time Dilation

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22
Q

Moving clocks tick slower relative
to stationary clocks. This effect becomes significant as objects approach the
speed of light (299,792,458 meters per second).

A

Velocity Time Dilation (Special Relativity)

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23
Q

Time can appear to pass differently for observers in relative
motion. This is a consequence of the principle of relativity, which states that
the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion.

A

Relative Motion

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24
Q

earliest period of time in the history of the universe,
lasting from time zero to approximately 10^−43 seconds after the Big Bang

A

Planck epoch

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25
Q

founder of quantum
theory

A

Max Planck

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26
Q

10^-43 to 10^-36 seconds after the Big Bang.

During this
era, the fundamental forces of nature—gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong
and weak nuclear forces—were unified into a single force.

A

Grand Unification Era

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27
Q

10^-36 to 10^-12 seconds after the Big Bang, separation of
distinct forces

A

Electroweak Era

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28
Q

10^-12 seconds to 1 second after the Big Bang.

The
universe cooled sufficiently for quarks to bind together to form protons and
neutrons.

Elementary particles such as electrons, neutrinos, and photons were
abundant.

This era marked the formation of the first atomic nuclei (Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis).

A

Particle Era (Quark Era)

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29
Q

1 second to 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

Photons dominated the universe, and matter was ionized.

The universe was
opaque to light due to scattering by free electrons.

This era ended with
recombination, where electrons combined with nuclei to form neutral atoms,
allowing light to travel freely (cosmic microwave background radiation).

A

Radiation Era (Photon Era)

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30
Q

380,000 years to 150 million years after the Big Bang.

During this period, the universe was dark as no stars or galaxies had yet formed.

It was dominated by hydrogen and helium gas, with fluctuations in density
eventually leading to the formation of the first stars and galaxies.

A

Dark Ages

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31
Q

Era from the formation of the first stars (around 150 million years after
the Big Bang) to the present

A

Stellar Era

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32
Q

This era marks the period when the universe’s expansion began
accelerating due to dark energy.

It includes the discovery of
cosmic acceleration and ongoing research into the nature of
dark energy and the fate of the universe

A

Cosmic Era (Accelerated Expansion)

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33
Q

What is nucleosynthesis?

a) The creation of elements
b) The formation of galaxies
c) The process of star formation
d) The creation of planets

A

a) The creation of elements

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34
Q

Which element was formed first after the Big
Bang?

a) Hydrogen
b) Helium
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon

A

a) Hydrogen

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35
Q

What is redshift in cosmology?

a) A shift in the color of stars
b) An increase in wavelength of light from distant
galaxies
c) A decrease in the brightness of stars
d) A change in the speed of light

A

b) An increase in wavelength of light from distant
galaxies

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36
Q

Who is credited with the discovery of the
expanding universe?

a) Albert Einstein
b) Edwin Hubble
c) Carl Sagan
d) Stephen Hawking

A

b) Edwin Hubble

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37
Q

What is dark matter?

a) A type of black hole
b) Matter that emits light
c) Unseen matter that does not emit or absorb light
d) Antimatter

A

c) Unseen matter that does not emit or absorb light

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38
Q

What is dark energy?

a) Energy from black holes
b) The force causing the acceleration of the universe’s expansion
c) Energy emitted by stars
d) Electromagnetic radiation

A

b) The force causing the acceleration of the universe’s expansion

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39
Q

What did the discovery of cosmic microwave
background radiation confirm?

a) The existence of black holes
b) The Big Bang theory
c) The steady state theory
d) The oscillating universe theory

A

b) The Big Bang theory

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40
Q

What is the fate of the universe according to the
Big Crunch theory?

a) The universe will expand forever
b) The universe will collapse back into a singularity
c) The universe will remain static
d) The universe will turn into a black hole

A

b) The universe will collapse back into a singularity

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41
Q

What is the primary difference between
terrestrial planets and gas giants?

a) Terrestrial planets are smaller and rockier, gas
giants are larger and gaseous
b) Terrestrial planets have rings, gas giants do not
c) Terrestrial planets have more moons, gas giants
have fewer
d) Terrestrial planets are further from the Sun, gas
giants are closer

A

a) Terrestrial planets are smaller and rockier, gas
giants are larger and gaseous

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42
Q

Which planet is known as the “Evening Star/Morning Star/Earth’s Twin”?

a) Mars
b) Venus
c) Jupiter
d) Saturn

A

b) Venus

43
Q

The Swift Planet / The Messenger

A

Mercury

44
Q

The Swift Planet / The Messenger

A

Mercury

45
Q

The Blue Planet

A

Earth

46
Q

The Red Planet / The War Planet

A

Mars

47
Q

The Gas Giant/The King of Planets

A

Jupiter

48
Q

The Ringed Planet / The Jewel of the Solar System

A

Saturn

49
Q

The Ice Giant

A

Uranus

50
Q

The Windy Planet

A

Neptune

51
Q

What is the name of the fifth planet from the
Sun?

a) Mars
b) Jupiter
c) Saturn
d) Uranus

A

b) Jupiter

52
Q

What is the primary component of the
atmospheres of Venus and Mars?

a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Nitrogen

A

c) Carbon dioxide

53
Q

Which dwarf planet is located in the asteroid
belt?

a) Pluto
b) Haumea
c) Ceres
d) Eris

A

c) Ceres

54
Q

Found beyond Neptune in the Kuiper Belt

A

Haumea

55
Q

Located in the Kuiper Belt beyond Pluto

A

Makemake

56
Q

region of the solar system beyond the orbit of
Neptune

A

Kuiper Belt

57
Q

Which planet has a surface temperature hot
enough to melt lead?

a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Mars
d) Jupiter.

A

b) Venus

58
Q

What are the rings of Saturn primarily composed
of?

a) Dust
b) Rock
c) Ice
d) Gas

A

c) Ice

59
Q

What is the main cause of the differences in day
lengths on various planets?

a) The planet’s distance from the Sun
b) The planet’s atmospheric composition
c) The planet’s rotational speed
d) The planet’s size

A

c) The planet’s rotational speed

60
Q

refers to the orbital motion of a planet around the Sun

A

Revolution (Year)

61
Q

Effect of Revolution

A

It defines the length of a year (the time it takes for a planet to complete
one orbit around the Sun).

62
Q

refers to the spinning motion of a planet around its axis

A

Rotation (Day)

63
Q

Effect of Rotation

A

It
determines the length of a day (the time it takes for a planet to complete one full
rotation)

64
Q

refers to the angle between a planet’s rotational axis and its
orbital plane around the Sun

A

Axis Tilt (Seasons)

65
Q

Which planet has the most moons?

a) Earth
b) Jupiter
c) Saturn
d) Uranus

A

c) Saturn

66
Q

What is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?

a) A massive mountain
b) A giant storm
c) A large crater
d) A volcano

A

b) A giant storm

67
Q

What is the term for the path an object takes as it
moves around the Sun?

a) Axis
b) Orbit
c) Revolution
d) Rotation

A

b) Orbit

68
Q

largest volcano in the solar system and is located on Mars

A

Olympus Mons

69
Q

How many planets in our Solar System are classified as gas giants?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

A

c) 4

70
Q

What are the small rocky bodies that primarily
orbit between Mars and Jupiter?

a) Comets
b) Meteoroids
c) Asteroids
d) Dwarf planets

A

c) Asteroids

71
Q

Smaller rocky or metallic bodies traveling through
space.

A

Meteoroids

72
Q

Small rocky bodies orbiting the Sun, primarily found in the
asteroid belt

A

Asteroids

73
Q

Meteoroids that enter Earth’s atmosphere and produce a
streak of light (shooting star).

A

Meteors

74
Q

Remnants of meteoroids that survive atmospheric entry
and land on Earth’s surface.

A

Meteorites

75
Q

What was the main objective of the Apollo 11
mission?

a) Orbit the Earth
b) Land on the Moon and return safely
c) Send a rover to Mars
d) Explore the outer planets

A

b) Land on the Moon and return safely

76
Q

Who was the first person to walk on the Moon?

a) Yuri Gagarin
b) Neil Armstrong
c) Buzz Aldrin
d) John Glenn

A

b) Neil Armstrong

77
Q

What is the name of the spacecraft that has
traveled the furthest from Earth?

a) Voyager 1
b) Voyager 2
c) Pioneer 10
d) New Horizons

A

a) Voyager 1

78
Q

Which space mission discovered the first
exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star?

a) Kepler
b) Hubble
c) Voyager 1
d) Galileo

A

a) Kepler

79
Q

What was the name of the first artificial satellite
to orbit Earth?

a) Apollo 11
b) Voyager 1
c) Sputnik 1
d) Hubble

A

c) Sputnik 1

80
Q

Which space telescope has provided some of the
most detailed images of distant galaxies?

a) Kepler
b) Chandra
c) Hubble
d) James Webb

A

c) Hubble

81
Q

first manned mission to land on the Moon

A

Apollo 11

82
Q

space probe that has become the farthest human-made object from Earth
and is now in interstellar space, making it the first spacecraft to enter interstellar space.

A

Voyager 1

83
Q

first artificial satellite to orbit Earth launched by the Soviet Union on
October 4, 1957

A

Sputnik 1

84
Q

discovered thousands of exoplanets, including many Earth-sized
planets in or near the habitable zone of their stars.

A

Kepler Space Telescope

85
Q

named after astronomer Edwin Hubble, is a space telescope
launched by NASA in 1990. It orbits Earth and has provided breathtaking images and
invaluable scientific data about the universe, helping scientists study distant galaxies,
stars, and planets.

A

Hubble Space Telescope

86
Q

Which space mission was the first to successfully
land a rover on Mars?

a) Viking 1
b) Mars Pathfinder
c) Curiosity
d) Opportunity

A

a) Viking 1

87
Q

What was the primary goal of the Mars Exploration Rover mission?

a) To search for water on Mars
b) To study the atmosphere of Mars
c) To find signs of life on Mars
d) To map the surface of Mars

A

a) To search for water on Mars

88
Q

to study the Martian surface and geology,
searching for evidence of past water activity on Mars

A

Mars Rover Exploration

89
Q

successfully orbited Mars and then landed on the planet’s
surface on July 20, 1976, becoming the first spacecraft to operate
successfully on the Martian surface

A

Viking 1

90
Q

successfully landed on Mars on July 4, 1997, deploying
the first Martian rover, Sojourner, which conducted experiments and
analyzed rocks and soil on the surface.

A

Mars Pathfinder

91
Q

landed on mars (early 2000s) to conduct
extensive studies of Martian soil, atmosphere, and surface features.

A

Curiosity and Opportunity

92
Q

became the first American woman in space when she flew aboard
the Space Shuttle Challenger on June 18, 1983, as part of the STS-7 mission

A

Sally Ride

93
Q

became the first woman to fly in space when she orbited
Earth aboard Vostok 6 on June

A

Valentina Tereshkova

94
Q

She became the first African-American woman to travel in space
when she flew aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on September 12, 1992, as
part of the STS-47 mission

A

Mae Jemison

95
Q

holds the record for the most cumulative time spent in space
by an American astronaut, with a total of 665 days in space over three missions
(Expedition 5, Expedition 16/17, and Expedition 50/51/52)

A

Peggy Whitson

96
Q

made the first flyby of Jupiter in December 1973, providing close-up
images and scientific data of the planet and its moons.

It is also was the first
spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the Solar System.

A

Pioneer 10

97
Q

made historic flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, sending
back unprecedented images and data of these planets and their moons.

It’s the only
spacecraft to have visited all four outer planets

A

Voyager 2

98
Q

made numerous discoveries during its mission, including observing Saturn’s
rings and atmosphere, studying Titan’s methane lakes and organic chemistry

A

Cassini

99
Q

successfully conducted a flyby of Pluto on July 14, 2015, capturing
detailed images and data of Pluto and its moons.

It has since continued its journey
into the Kuiper Belt, studying other celestial bodies

A

New Horizons

100
Q

became the first American to travel into space on May 5, 1961,
aboard the Freedom 7 spacecraft during the Mercury-Redstone 3 mission.

A

Alan Shepard

101
Q

became the first American to orbit the Earth on February 20, 1962,
aboard the Friendship 7 spacecraft during the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission.

A

John Glenn

102
Q

He piloted the Liberty Bell 7 spacecraft on July 21, 1961,
becoming the second American in space during the suborbital MercuryRedstone 4 mission.

Later he flew on the Gemini 3 mission in 1965, and became
the first person to fly in space twice

A

Gus Grissom

103
Q

He became the first human to travel into space and orbit the Earth
on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft

A

Yuri Gagarin

104
Q

He became the first human to travel into space and orbit the Earth
on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft

A

Yuri Gagarin

DOST Review (5 decks)

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