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DOST Review > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following best describes
biology as a scientific discipline?

A. The study of non-living matter and its properties.
B. The study of celestial objects and phenomena.
C. The study of life and living organisms.
D. The study of human societies and cultures.

A

C. The study of life and living organisms.

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2
Q

Which branch of biology is primarily
concerned with the study of diseases and
the changes they cause in body tissues and
organs.

A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Pathology
D. Physiology

A

C. Pathology

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3
Q

Characteristics of Life- CHROMENGS

A

Communicate
Homeostasis
Reproduce
Organization
Movement
Excretion
Nutrition/ Metabolism
Growth/ Growth
Sensitivity/ Adaptation

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4
Q

Characteristics of Life- Communicate

Which type of communication is primarily
used by honeybees to convey the location of a
food source?

A) Chemical signals
B) Visual signals
C) Auditory signals
D) Dance language

A

D) Dance language

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5
Q

Characteristics of Life- Homeostasis

Which feedback mechanism is most
commonly associated with maintaining
homeostasis?

A) Positive feedback
B) Negative feedback
C) Feedforward mechanism
D) Neutral feedback

A

B) Negative feedback

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6
Q

Characteristics of Life- Reproduce

The flower of a plant is involved in
reproduction. Which parts are male and which
are female?

A. Male: ovary; female: stamen
B. Male: style; female: filament
C. Male: stamen; female: pistil
D. Male: xylem; female: anther

A

C. Male: stamen; female: pistil

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7
Q

Characteristics of Life- Reproduce

Which reproductive strategy is advantageous
in a stable and predictable environment?

A) Sexual reproduction
B) Asexual reproduction
C) Cloning
D) Binary fission

A

B) Asexual reproduction

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8
Q

Characteristics of Life- Organization

Which of the following is not a living thing?
A. Algae
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Virus

A

D. Virus

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9
Q

Characteristics of Life- Organization

After a period of vigorous exercise, blood leaving a
muscle is expected to have ________.

A. less carbon dioxide, less oxygen and less glucose
B. more carbon dioxide, less oxygen and less glucose
C. more carbon dioxide, more oxygen and less glucose
D. more carbon dioxide, more oxygen and more glucose

A

B. more carbon dioxide, less oxygen and less glucose

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10
Q

Characteristics of Life- Organization

What part of the respiratory system serves as the site
of gas exchange?

A. Bronchi
B. Bronchiole
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea

A

C. Alveoli

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11
Q

Characteristics of Life- Movement

What role do flagella and cilia play in movement
in single-celled organisms?

A) They contract and relax to generate movement.
B) They act as sensory organs to detect
environmental stimuli.
C) They produce chemical signals to attract other
organisms.
D) They propel the cell through fluid environments

A

D) They propel the cell through fluid environments

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12
Q

Characteristics of Life- Excretion

Which of the following is a common excretory
product in plants?

A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) Lactic acid
D) Urea

A

B) Oxygen

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13
Q

Characteristics of Life- Nutrition/Metabolism

Photosynthesis is an example of what metabolic
process?

A) Anabolic
B) Catabolic
C) Aerobic
D) Anerobic

A

A) Anabolic

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14
Q

Characteristics of Life- Growth/Development

Which of the following is an example of growth in
living organisms?

A) Learning a new skill
B) Photosynthesis in plants
C) Increase in body weight
D) Change in mating behavior

A

C) Increase in body weight

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15
Q

Characteristics of Life: Sensitivity /Adaptation

What type of tropism is exhibited by plant roots
growing downward in response to gravity?

A. Phototropism
B. Thigmotropism
C. Gravitropism
D. Hydrotropism

A

C. Gravitropism

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16
Q

Who coined the term “cell” and observed
cork cells under a microscope in 1665?

A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Matthias Schleiden
C) Robert Hooke
D) Rudolf Virchow

A

C) Robert Hooke

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17
Q

How did the discovery of mitosis contribute
to formation of the cell theory?

A. It demonstrated the diversity of cell shapes and
sizes
B. It explained how cells obtain energy from
nutrients
C. It showed how cells reproduce and maintain their
numbers
D. It revealed the role of cells in responding to stimuli

A

C. It showed how cells reproduce and maintain their
numbers

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18
Q

Which organelle is responsible for converting
glucose into ATP, the cell’s main energy
source?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosomes

A

C) Mitochondria

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19
Q

Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis?

A) Rough ER
B) Smooth ER
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Lysosome

A

B) Smooth ER

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20
Q

What is the main function of cytoplams in a
cell?

A) Regulating the transport of molecules into and
out of the cell
B) Packaging and sending out proteins and lipids
C) Synthesizing proteins in the cell
D) Suspending the cellular structure and providing
place for cellular activities

A

D) Suspending the cellular structure and providing
place for cellular activities

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21
Q

Nucleotides are made up of a sugar,
phosphate, and..?

A. fatty acid
B. nucleic acid
C. cholesterol
D. nitrogenous base

A

D. nitrogenous base

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a part of the
central dogma of molecular biology?

A. DNA replication
B. RNA transcription
C. Protein synthesis
D. RNA replication

A

D. RNA replication

23
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes
align at the cell’s equatorial plate?

A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase

A

B) Metaphase

24
Q

The human body has 23 homologous pairs of
chromosomes. How many chromosomes does
a somatic cell have?

A. 23
B. 34
C. 46
D. 69

A

C. 46

25
Q

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
reverse processes among producers. Which
of the following is a product of
photosynthesis which serve as raw material
in cellular respiration?

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Energy
C. Glucose
D. Water

A

C. Glucose

26
Q

Carbon dioxide is one of the raw materials
plants need o make food. Where does gas
exchange in plants occur?

A. Stomata
B. Roots
C. Stem
D. Flower

A

A. Stomata

27
Q

Approximately how many ATP molecules are
produced from one molecule of glucose during
cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
A. 30- 32
B. 33- 35
C. 36- 38
D. 39- 42

A

C. 36- 38

28
Q

How does telophase differ between animal and plant
cells?

A) Animal cells form a cell plate, while plant cells form a
cleavage furrow.
B) Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells
form a cell plate.
C) Both animal and plant cells form a cleavage furrow.
D) Both animal and plant cells form a cell plate

A

B) Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells
form a cell plate.

29
Q

How is spermatogenesis different from
oogenesis?

A. Sperm cells take longer time to develop unlike egg
cells
B. Ovum is produced in continuous manner unlike in
sperm production
C. There are prolonged interruprions in oogenesis unlike
in spermatogenesis which occurs in constant manner
D. Spermatogenesis occurs at certain parts of childhood
while oogenesis only during adolescence

A

C. There are prolonged interruprions in oogenesis unlike
in spermatogenesis which occurs in constant manner

30
Q

Which statement correctly describes the difference
between passive and active transport?

A) Passive transport requires energy, while active transport does not.
B) Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.
C) Passive transport moves substances against their concentration
gradient, while active transport moves substances along their
concentration gradient.
D) Active transport only occurs in animal cells, while passive transport
only occurs in plant cells.

A

B) Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

31
Q

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution,
it will:
A) Gain water and swell
B) Lose water and shrink
C) Remain the same size
D) Divide rapidly

A

B) Lose water and shrink

32
Q

Who was the scientist renowned for creating
the binomial nomenclature, the system of
formally classifying and naming organisms
according to their genus and species?

A. Charles Darwin
B. Antoine Lavoisier
C. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
D. Carolus Linnaeus

A

D. Carolus Linnaeus

33
Q

Which of the following pairs are more
closely- related with each other?

A. Humans and chimpanzee since they belong to the
class (mammal)
B. Humpback whale and New Zealand Pygmy since
they belong to the order (megaptera)
C. Dogs and cayote since they belong to the genus
(canis)
D. Kelp and red algae since they belong to the
kingdom (protists)

A

C. Dogs and cayote since they belong to the genus
(canis)

34
Q

Which of the following best describes
mutation in Genetics?

A. A sudden change in organism’s behavior
B. A heritable change in DNA sequence
C. An environmental adaptation in response to
stress
D. A temporary alteration in organism’s appearance

A

B. A heritable change in DNA sequence

35
Q

Which of the following is a type of mutation
where a single nucleotide base is changed to
another?

A) Deletion
B) Insertion

C) Substitution
D) Frameshift

A

C) Substitution

36
Q

According to the theory of evolution by
natural selection, which of the following
statements is true?

A. Organism adapt to their environment through learned
behaviors
B. Individuals within a population with advantageous traits are
more likely to survive and reproduce
C. Evolution occurs solely through random genetic mutations
D. Natural selection favors the strongest organisms with the
largest physical size

A

B. Individuals within a population with advantageous traits are
more likely to survive and reproduce

37
Q

Which symbiotic relationship is described by
one individual benefiting and the other being
neither harmed nor benefited?

A. Parasitism
B. Competition
C. Commensalism
D. Mutualism

A

C. Commensalism

38
Q

In Lagoon A, there is a rapid growth of
microscopic, unicellular algae, called algal
bloom. What causes algal bloom?

A. Global warming
B. Salination
C. Eutrophication
D. Biomagnification

A

C. Eutrophication

39
Q

Mendelian genetics, which of the following
terms describes the physical appearance or
expression of a trait?

A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Allele
D) Homozygous

A

B) Phenotype

40
Q

In a cross between a black- furred (BB) dog
and a white- furred (bb) dog, black color (B)
is dominant over white (b). Following
Mendel’s laws of Genetics, what would be the
expected flower color ratio in the offspring?

A. All black
B. 1 black: 1 white
c. 1 white: 2 gray: 1 black
D. All white

A

A. All black

41
Q

What pattern of inheritance is shown when a
cross of white and red flower produces a pink
flower?

A) Codominance
B) Incomplete Dominance
C) Multiple Allele
D) Polygenic inheritance

A

B) Incomplete Dominance

42
Q

In ABO blood group systems in humans, if a
male of homozygous type- B blood has
children with a female of type AB blood, what
possible blood types could their children
have?

A. A and B
B. A and AB
C. B and AB
D. A, B, and AB

A

C. B and AB

43
Q

the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism

A

cloning

44
Q

process of one cell simply dividing into two.

A

Binary fission

45
Q

part of the respiratory system that carries air to and from your lungs

A

bronchi

46
Q

long, U-shaped tube that connects your larynx (voice box) to your lungs

A

trachea

47
Q

Father of microbiology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

48
Q
  • cofounded cell theory; defined cell as basic unit of animal structure
A

Matthias Schleiden

49
Q

Father of pathology

A

Rudolf Virchow

50
Q

the site of protein synthesis in the cell

A

Ribosomes

51
Q
  • controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information
A

nucleus

52
Q
  • contains digestive enzymes that break down excess or worn-out cell parts
A

Lysosome

53
Q

The primary function isto package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures

A

chromatin

54
Q

present in an animal cell that acts as the microtubule-organizing centre of the cell

A

Centrosome

DOST Review (5 decks)

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