Chemistry Flashcards
True or False
Atoms are fundamental particles.
False
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Positron
c) Electron
True or False
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons are all
fundamental particles
False
Building blocks of protons and neutrons.
(__, __, __, __, __, and __)
Quarks
up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom
Includes electrons and neutrinos
(electron, muon, tau, and their corresponding neutrinos)
Leptons
electron, muon, tau, and their corresponding neutrinos
Force-carrying particles. Include photons (electromagnetic force), gluons (strong force), W and Z bosons
(weak force), and the hypothetical graviton (gravitational force).
Bosons
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
a) Au
b) Ag
c) Pb
d) Fe
a) Au
What is the atomic number (Z) of an element?
a) The number of neutrons
b) The number of protons
c) The number of electrons
d) The atomic mass
b) The number of protons
Total number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Mass (A)
Average mass of an element’s isotopes based on their natural
abundance
Atomic Weight
Number of neutrons; calculated as atomic mass minus
atomic number.
Neutron Number (N)
An element having the same number of protons
but differs in numbers of protons are called?
a) Molecules
b) Ions
c) Isotopes
d) Particles
c) Isotopes
Groups of atoms bonded together. It could be a
compound or not
Molecules
Charged atoms or molecules. It could be cation or anion
Ions
General term for small constituents of matter, including
subatomic and elementary particles.
Particles
The most abundant phase of matter in the
universe is?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
d) Plasma
What is the process of gas turning directly into
solid called?
a) Evaporation
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Deposition
d) Deposition
Which of the following phase changes is
endothermic?
a) Freezing
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Deposition
c) Sublimation
Release energy, surroundings
warm up
Exothermic Reactions
Absorb energy,
surroundings cool down.
Endothermic Reactions
What type of bond involves the sharing of
electron pairs between atoms?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond
b) Covalent bond
Which type of chemical bond involves the
transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond
a) Ionic bond
Attraction between metal cations and a sea
of delocalized electrons.
Metallic Bond
Weak bond between a hydrogen atom
and an electronegative atom
Hydrogen Bond
What is the common name for sodium chloride?
a) Baking soda
b) Table salt
c) Vinegar
d) Bleach
b) Table salt
Ernest Rutherford, discovered the nucleus
through what kind of experiment?
a) Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment
b) Gold Foil Experiment
c) Urea Synthesis Experiment
d) Dalton’s Atomic Theory Experiment
b) Gold Foil Experiment
Discovered the atomic
nucleus, leading to the nuclear model of the atom
Gold Foil Experiment
Demonstrated the
synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic materials, challenging vitalism
Urea Synthesis Experiment (Wöhler)
Discovered
electrons, leading to the plum pudding model
Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment (Thomson)
Formulated
the atomic theory, explaining the nature of matter and
chemical reactions.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory Experiment
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
a) 0
b) 7
c) 14
d) 10
b) 7
What is the most abundant element in the
Earth’s crust?
a) Oxygen
b) Silicon
c) Aluminum
d) Iron
a) Oxygen
What is the main gas found in Earth’s
atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon
c) Nitrogen
Which of the following is a noble gas?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Helium
d) Hydrogen
c) Helium
Which law states that the total pressure exerted
by a gas mixture is the sum of the partial
pressures of each individual gas?
a) Boyle’s Law
b) Charles’s Law
c) Dalton’s Law
d) Avogadro’s Law
c) Dalton’s Law
At constant temperature, as pressure increases, volume decreases
Boyle’s Law
At constant pressure, as volume increases, temperature increases
Charles’ Law
At constant volume, as pressure increases, temperature increases
Gay-Lussac’s Law
How many moles of water are produced when 2
moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of
oxygen gas?
a) 1 mole
b) 2 moles
c) 3 moles
d) 4 moles
b) 2 moles
What is the molar mass of carbon dioxide
(CO2)?
a) 28 g/mol
b) 32 g/mol
c) 44 g/mol
d) 48 g/mol
c) 44 g/mol
Rate of Chemical Reaction can be increased by:
- Increasing the concentration of reactants
- Increasing the temperature
- Adding a catalyst
- Increasing the surface area of solid reactants
- Stirring or agitation
Less solute than the maximum solubility at a
given temperature
Undersaturated Solution
Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given
temperature
Saturated Solution
More solute than the maximum solubility at a
given temperature, achieved under specific conditions and
typically unstable
Supersaturated
What is the electron configuration of sodium
(Z=11)?
a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
b) 1s2 1p6 2s1
c) 1s2 2p2 3p6 4d1
d) 1s2 2p3 3d4 4d2
a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Which acid is found in vinegar?
a) Citric acid
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Acetic acid
d) Sulfuric acid
c) Acetic acid
Found in citrus fruits, weak organic acid, used in food and
beverages
Citric Acid
Strong mineral acid, used in industry and in the stomach
for digestion.
Hydrochloric Acid
Strong mineral acid, industrial applications include
manufacturing and chemical processes.
Sulfuric Acid
Which gas is produced when hydrochloric acid
reacts with zinc?
a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
d) Carbon dioxide
b) Hydrogen
What is the name of the principle that states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transformed?
a) Law of Conservation of Mass
b) Law of Conservation of Energy
c) Law of Definite Proportions
d) Law of Multiple Proportions
b) Law of Conservation of Energy
Mass is conserved in chemical reactions
Law of Conservation of Mass
Compounds have fixed mass ratios of
elements
Law of Definite Proportions
Elements combine in different ratios to
form different compounds, with ratios expressed as small whole
numbers.
Law of Multiple Proportions
What is the term for the minimum energy
required to start a chemical reaction?
a) Activation energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Potential energy
d)Free energy
a) Activation energy
Energy due to motion
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to position or configuration
Potential Energy
Energy available to do work in a chemical reaction
Free Energy
Which of the following is a pair of greenhouse
gases that contributes significantly to global
warming?
a) O₂ and N₂
b) CO₂ and CO
c) CO₂ and CH4
d) Ar and Xe
c) CO₂ and CH4
What is the main component of natural gas?
a) Ethane
b) Propane
c) Butane
d) Methane
d) Methane
What is the IUPAC name of the compound with
the structure CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃?
a) Butane
b) Propane
c) Pentane
d) Hexane
a) Butane
used as a petrochemical feedstock and in some industrial
applications
Ethane (C₂H₆)
often separated from natural gas and used as a fuel for heating,
cooking, and in some vehicles
Propane (C₃H₈)
It is used as a fuel for lighters, camping stoves, and some types of
engines
Butane (C₄H₁₀)
