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DOST Review > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

Atoms are fundamental particles.

A

False

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2
Q

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

a) Proton
b) Neutron
c) Electron
d) Positron

A

c) Electron

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3
Q

True or False

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons are all
fundamental particles

A

False

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4
Q

Building blocks of protons and neutrons.
(__, __, __, __, __, and __)

A

Quarks

up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom

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5
Q

Includes electrons and neutrinos

(electron, muon, tau, and their corresponding neutrinos)

A

Leptons

electron, muon, tau, and their corresponding neutrinos

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6
Q

Force-carrying particles. Include photons (electromagnetic force), gluons (strong force), W and Z bosons
(weak force), and the hypothetical graviton (gravitational force).

A

Bosons

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7
Q

What is the chemical symbol for gold?

a) Au
b) Ag
c) Pb
d) Fe

A

a) Au

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8
Q

What is the atomic number (Z) of an element?

a) The number of neutrons
b) The number of protons
c) The number of electrons
d) The atomic mass

A

b) The number of protons

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9
Q

Total number of protons and neutrons

A

Atomic Mass (A)

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10
Q

Average mass of an element’s isotopes based on their natural
abundance

A

Atomic Weight

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11
Q

Number of neutrons; calculated as atomic mass minus
atomic number.

A

Neutron Number (N)

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12
Q

An element having the same number of protons
but differs in numbers of protons are called?

a) Molecules
b) Ions
c) Isotopes
d) Particles

A

c) Isotopes

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13
Q

Groups of atoms bonded together. It could be a
compound or not

A

Molecules

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14
Q

Charged atoms or molecules. It could be cation or anion

A

Ions

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15
Q

General term for small constituents of matter, including
subatomic and elementary particles.

A

Particles

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16
Q

The most abundant phase of matter in the
universe is?

a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma

A

d) Plasma

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17
Q

What is the process of gas turning directly into
solid called?

a) Evaporation
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Deposition

A

d) Deposition

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18
Q

Which of the following phase changes is
endothermic?

a) Freezing
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Deposition

A

c) Sublimation

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19
Q

Release energy, surroundings
warm up

A

Exothermic Reactions

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20
Q

Absorb energy,
surroundings cool down.

A

Endothermic Reactions

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21
Q

What type of bond involves the sharing of
electron pairs between atoms?

a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond

A

b) Covalent bond

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22
Q

Which type of chemical bond involves the
transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

a) Ionic bond
b) Covalent bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond

A

a) Ionic bond

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23
Q

Attraction between metal cations and a sea
of delocalized electrons.

A

Metallic Bond

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24
Q

Weak bond between a hydrogen atom
and an electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen Bond

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25
Q

What is the common name for sodium chloride?

a) Baking soda
b) Table salt
c) Vinegar
d) Bleach

A

b) Table salt

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26
Q

Ernest Rutherford, discovered the nucleus
through what kind of experiment?

a) Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment
b) Gold Foil Experiment
c) Urea Synthesis Experiment
d) Dalton’s Atomic Theory Experiment

A

b) Gold Foil Experiment

27
Q

Discovered the atomic
nucleus, leading to the nuclear model of the atom

A

Gold Foil Experiment

28
Q

Demonstrated the
synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic materials, challenging vitalism

A

Urea Synthesis Experiment (Wöhler)

29
Q

Discovered
electrons, leading to the plum pudding model

A

Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment (Thomson)

30
Q

Formulated
the atomic theory, explaining the nature of matter and
chemical reactions.

A

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Experiment

31
Q

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

a) 0
b) 7
c) 14
d) 10

A

b) 7

32
Q

What is the most abundant element in the
Earth’s crust?

a) Oxygen
b) Silicon
c) Aluminum
d) Iron

A

a) Oxygen

33
Q

What is the main gas found in Earth’s
atmosphere?

a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Argon

A

c) Nitrogen

34
Q

Which of the following is a noble gas?

a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Helium
d) Hydrogen

A

c) Helium

35
Q

Which law states that the total pressure exerted
by a gas mixture is the sum of the partial
pressures of each individual gas?

a) Boyle’s Law
b) Charles’s Law
c) Dalton’s Law
d) Avogadro’s Law

A

c) Dalton’s Law

36
Q

At constant temperature, as pressure increases, volume decreases

A

Boyle’s Law

37
Q

At constant pressure, as volume increases, temperature increases

A

Charles’ Law

38
Q

At constant volume, as pressure increases, temperature increases

A

Gay-Lussac’s Law

39
Q

How many moles of water are produced when 2
moles of hydrogen gas react with 1 mole of
oxygen gas?

a) 1 mole
b) 2 moles
c) 3 moles
d) 4 moles

A

b) 2 moles

40
Q

What is the molar mass of carbon dioxide
(CO2)?

a) 28 g/mol
b) 32 g/mol
c) 44 g/mol
d) 48 g/mol

A

c) 44 g/mol

41
Q

Rate of Chemical Reaction can be increased by:

A
  • Increasing the concentration of reactants
  • Increasing the temperature
  • Adding a catalyst
  • Increasing the surface area of solid reactants
  • Stirring or agitation
42
Q

Less solute than the maximum solubility at a
given temperature

A

Undersaturated Solution

43
Q

Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given
temperature

A

Saturated Solution

44
Q

More solute than the maximum solubility at a
given temperature, achieved under specific conditions and
typically unstable

A

Supersaturated

45
Q

What is the electron configuration of sodium
(Z=11)?

a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
b) 1s2 1p6 2s1
c) 1s2 2p2 3p6 4d1
d) 1s2 2p3 3d4 4d2

A

a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

46
Q

Which acid is found in vinegar?

a) Citric acid
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Acetic acid
d) Sulfuric acid

A

c) Acetic acid

47
Q

Found in citrus fruits, weak organic acid, used in food and
beverages

A

Citric Acid

48
Q

Strong mineral acid, used in industry and in the stomach
for digestion.

A

Hydrochloric Acid

49
Q

Strong mineral acid, industrial applications include
manufacturing and chemical processes.

A

Sulfuric Acid

50
Q

Which gas is produced when hydrochloric acid
reacts with zinc?

a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
d) Carbon dioxide

A

b) Hydrogen

51
Q

What is the name of the principle that states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
transformed?

a) Law of Conservation of Mass
b) Law of Conservation of Energy
c) Law of Definite Proportions
d) Law of Multiple Proportions

A

b) Law of Conservation of Energy

52
Q

Mass is conserved in chemical reactions

A

Law of Conservation of Mass

53
Q

Compounds have fixed mass ratios of
elements

A

Law of Definite Proportions

54
Q

Elements combine in different ratios to
form different compounds, with ratios expressed as small whole
numbers.

A

Law of Multiple Proportions

55
Q

What is the term for the minimum energy
required to start a chemical reaction?

a) Activation energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Potential energy
d)Free energy

A

a) Activation energy

56
Q

Energy due to motion

A

Kinetic Energy

57
Q

Energy due to position or configuration

A

Potential Energy

58
Q

Energy available to do work in a chemical reaction

A

Free Energy

59
Q

Which of the following is a pair of greenhouse
gases that contributes significantly to global
warming?

a) O₂ and N₂
b) CO₂ and CO
c) CO₂ and CH4
d) Ar and Xe

A

c) CO₂ and CH4

60
Q

What is the main component of natural gas?

a) Ethane
b) Propane
c) Butane
d) Methane

A

d) Methane

61
Q

What is the IUPAC name of the compound with
the structure CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃?

a) Butane
b) Propane
c) Pentane
d) Hexane

A

a) Butane

62
Q

used as a petrochemical feedstock and in some industrial
applications

A

Ethane (C₂H₆)

63
Q

often separated from natural gas and used as a fuel for heating,
cooking, and in some vehicles

A

Propane (C₃H₈)

64
Q

It is used as a fuel for lighters, camping stoves, and some types of
engines

A

Butane (C₄H₁₀)

DOST Review (5 decks)

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