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ATPL General Navigation > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

1
Q

What is declination

A

Angle in degrees n/s or the celestial equator

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2
Q

What is Greenwich hour angle

A

Defines position of longitude measured from Greenwich celestial meridian

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3
Q

What is a zenith

A

Position of a body overhead the observer at 90° (altitude 90°)

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4
Q

What is the local hour angle

A

The angular measurement from an observers celestial meridian to the celestial meridian of the body

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5
Q

What are Kepler’s laws

A

The orbit of each planet is an eclipse, with the sun at one of the focal points

The line joining the planet to the sun, known as the radius vector, sweeps out equal area in equal time

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6
Q

When is the earth closest to the sun

A

Perihelion = 3rd January

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7
Q

When is the earth furthest from the sun

A

Aphelion = 3rd July

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8
Q

When is the summer solstice

A

21st June

Sun = 23.5°N

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9
Q

When is the autumnal equinox

A

21st September

Sun = 0°

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10
Q

When is the winter solstice

A

21st December

Sun = 23.5°S

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11
Q

When is the spring equinox (vernal)

A

21st March

Sun = 0°

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12
Q

What is the plane of the ecliptic

A

The plane of the earths orbit round the sun

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13
Q

What is the angle between the celestial equator and the suns orbit (the obliquity of the ecliptic)

A

23.5°

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14
Q

What / where is the Tropic of Cancer

A

23°27’N

Declination of sun at summer solstice

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15
Q

What / where is the Tropic of Capricorn

A

23°27’S

Declination of sun at winter solstice

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16
Q

Where is the artic circle

A

66°33’N

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17
Q

What happens with daylight at the artic circle

A

At summer solstice the suns rays will pass over the North Pole and places north of the artic circle will have continuous daylight

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18
Q

Where is Antarctic circle and what happens in summer solstice

A

66°33’S

At summer solstice the sun does not rise

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19
Q

When is the minimum rate of change of daylight

A

Solstices at mid latitudes

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20
Q

Where is the maximum rate of change in daylight

A

Equinox at mid latitudes

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21
Q

What is the sidereal year

A

The period between 2 successive conjunctions of the earth, sun and a fixed point in space (365 days 6 hours)

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22
Q

What is the tropical year

A

Period between 2 successive vernal equinoxes I.e. time taken for one orbit round the sun relative to the first point of Aries

365 days 5 hours 48mine 45.98 seconds

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23
Q

When can / can’t you have a leap year

A

YES If year is divisible by 4 (1952,1976)

NO if the year is also divisible by 100 (1700,1800,1900)

YES If year is also divisible by 400 (1600,2000)

24
Q

What is a sidereal day

A

Period between 2 successive transits of s particular meridian and a fixed point in space. Constant time interval of approximately 23 hours 56.3 mins

25
Q

What is an apparent solar day

A

Period between 2 successive transits of the apparent (visible) sun over a particular meridian

Variable time interval caused;

Earths variable speed along ecliptic

Earths movement along its orbit

26
Q

What is a mean solar day

A

Constant length 24 hours

27
Q

What is mean sun

A

Goes round path of celestial equator

28
Q

What is apparent sun

A

Goes round the ecliptic

29
Q

What is the equation of time

A

The time difference between apparent sun and mean sun

30
Q

What are the months when differences between mean and apparent suns Local and mean times are maximum

A

Feb / November

31
Q

What sun do we see in the sky

A

Apparent sun

32
Q

What shape is the earth

A

Oblate spheroid

33
Q

What is the equatorial radius (ER)

A
  1. 56 Nm

6377. 47 Km

34
Q

What is the polar radius (PR)

A

3431.97 Nm

6356Km

35
Q

What is the compression ratio

A

1 in 298

36
Q

What does 1° of latitude = in distance

A

60 Nm

37
Q

What is 1’ of latitude in distance

A

1nm

38
Q

What is the circumference of earth

A

21,600Nm

Or

40,000Km

39
Q

What is the “perfect sphere radius”

A

3441nm

40
Q

What is the icao definition of 1nm

A

1852m

41
Q

Where is the length of a Nm the longest

A

Longest at the poles

42
Q

What is latitude

A

Angular distance to a point measured north / south from the equator

43
Q

What is a parallel or latitude

A

Line of latitude

44
Q

What is longitude

A

Angular distance measured from 0° to 180° east or west from Greenwich meridian to the meridian passing through a point

45
Q

What is a ante meridian

A

The opposite meridian to the one referred to

46
Q

What’s a parallel or latitude

A

As well as the equator (a great circle) a small circle defining latitude n/s of and parallel to the equator

47
Q

What is a meridian of longitude

A

A semi great circle defining longitude from the north to South Pole crossing the equator and all parallels of latitude at 90°

48
Q

What is great circle

A

Any circle drawn on earth with centre of earth as centre of its radius

E.g. Meridian / equator

Distance between 2 points on a great circle = shortest distance

49
Q

What Is a small circle

A

Any circle drawn on the earths surface whose radius is less than the earths radius

Parallels of latitude, except the equator are small circles

50
Q

What is a rhumb line

A

A regularly curved line on the surface of the earth that cuts all meridians at the same angle

Parallels of latitude are both small circles and rhumb lines

51
Q

What is the shape / curve of a rhumb line

A

Concave to the nearer Pole

Convex to the equator

52
Q

What are other names for the Greenwich meridian

A

Prime meridian
Origin of longitude
Semi-great circle

53
Q

What is a graticule

A

Collectively all the line of latitude / longitude

54
Q

What is the disadvantage of a great circle track

A

Not the same heading all along

55
Q

What is the advantage of a great circle track

A

Shortest distance

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