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ATPL General Navigation > Maps And Charts > Flashcards

Maps And Charts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a planar projection (plane)

A

Gnomonic

Polar stereographic production

Basically a piece of paper held up to the side of globe

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2
Q

What is a cylindrical projection

A

Wrap a piece of paper round the equator

= cylinder around globe

Mercator projection
Direct Mercator projection (when paper wrapped round equator)

Transverse Mercator = wrapper round a meridian = good for countries with lots of N/S and little E/W

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3
Q

What are the ideal properties of a chart

A

Distances should be shown at constant scale

Angles should be correctly shown

Also
Show a great circle as a straight line
Or
Show a thumb line as a straight line

Capable of producing chart anywhere in the world

Produce charts that line up when adjacent sections are fitted together

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4
Q

What is conformal / orthomorphic chart

A

Must be :
Scale is same in all directions

Projection must provide a right angle graticule

If orthomorphic = Angeles correctly represented

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5
Q

What is GRID MORA

A

Min off route altitude

Safety altitude

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6
Q

What happens to scale on a direct Mercator chart

A

As moving away from equator scale expands north south / east west

Not constant scale

Expands with the secant of 1/cos

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7
Q

Where is convergency correct on a direct Mercator chart

A

At equator

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8
Q

How does great circles get represented on a a direct Mercator chart

A

Concave to the parallel or origin

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9
Q

Where is scale perfect

A

Where scale is 99% correct

= 8°N / 8°S

= 480nm north and south

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10
Q

On a lamberts conformal projection what are parallels or latitude

A

Arcs of concentric circles

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11
Q

On a lamberts conformal projection what are meridians

A

Straight lines

Converting at the pole

Convergency is irrespective of latitude

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12
Q

On a simple conic convergence chart where does chart convergency equal earth convergency

A

Parallel of origin

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13
Q

What is a rhumb line on a simple conic chart

A

Curved line

Concave to the nearest pole

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14
Q

What is chart convergency = on a simple conic chart

A

Chlong x sin parallel of origin

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15
Q

What is the constant of the cone

A

Constant of the come = n = sin parallel origin = convergency factor

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16
Q

When is scale perfect on a simple conic lamberts projection

A

At the parallel of origin

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17
Q

What is a lamberts conformal projection

A

2 standard parallels

1 parallel or origin in between what

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18
Q

What is the constant cone of a lamberts conformal projection

A

Sin parallel of origin

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19
Q

Where is scale perfect on a lamberts conformal projection

A

Standard parallel

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20
Q

What is the scale perfection of the parallel or origin on the lamberts conformal projection

A

Max deviation of less than 1%

21
Q

On a lamberts conformal projection what are rhumb lines

A

Concave to the nearest pole

22
Q

What is the only true straight line on a lamberts conformal projection

A

Meridians

23
Q

On a lamberts conformal projection where is chart convergency = earth convergency

A

Parallel or origin

North of parallel of origin = chart < earth

South of parallel of origin = chart > earth

24
Q

Is there convergency for VOR on lamberts conformal projection

A

Nope

25
Q

What is the current mapping system

A

WGS 84

26
Q

What is the chart convergency on a polar stereographic

A

Change of longitude

Because sin Po = 1

27
Q

Where is scale correct on a polar stereographic

A

Tangent of origin

28
Q

How do great circles look on a polar stereographic

A

Practically = straight line

Reality = slight curve to tangent point

29
Q

What are the only true straight lines on a polar stereographic

A

Meridians

30
Q

Where is the light source placed for polar stereographic

A

Opposite pole to reduce scale expansion rate by half

31
Q

What is the rate of expansion formula for polar stereographic projection

A

Secant ^2 Co-lat/2

32
Q

What is chart convergency like at anywhere other than the pole for polar stereographic projection

A

Unless at pole

Chart convergence will be greater than earth convergence

33
Q

What is the purpose of grid navigation

A

To overcome problems arising from constantly changing track angle on charts with converging meridians

34
Q

What is grid convergence

A

Angular difference between grid north and true north

Grid convergency west true best

35
Q

What is grivation / grid variation

A

The angle between grid and magnetic north is the sum of variation and grid convergence

36
Q

What is Isogrivis

A

Lines of equal values of grivation

37
Q

What is a standard gridded chart

A

Grid is aligned with prime meridian

38
Q

On a standard gridded chart what is convergence

A

= longitude

East/ west = opposite of longitude

Therefor

80°E = a convergence of 80°W

“Convergence west, true best”

39
Q

On the datum meridian for grid navigation what is the relationship between true and grid north

A

They are both the same

40
Q

What is a position line (PL)

A

A line plotted from a beacon that you are on somewhere along

41
Q

How do you get a fix from a beacon with position lines

A

Requires 2 position lines

42
Q

Where is variation calculated for weather radar plotting

A

At aircraft

43
Q

What track does a radio signal travel

A

Shortest distance between 2 points

= great circle track track

44
Q

What is elevation

A

Vertical distance between mean sea level and ground / fixed object

45
Q

What is height

A

Distance between aircraft and ground

46
Q

What is pressure altitude

A

Altitude using 1013 as datum

47
Q

What is flight level

A

Pressure altitude rounded to nearest 100ft

48
Q

What is transition level

A

Higher than transition altitude

Lowest usable flight level above transition altitude

49
Q

What is density altitude

A

Altitude adjusted for temperature change

ATPL General Navigation (9 decks)

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