Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Grade 9 Academic Exam > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

EM Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

Range of wavelengths of EM Radiation, extending from radio waves, to gamma waves, including visible light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

EM Electromagnetic Radiation

A

Energy emitted from matter, w/ electromagnetic waves that travel at speed of light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sun Diagram (inner to outer)

A 
Core
Radiative Zone
Convective Zone
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona
Solar Flare
Solar Prominence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sun’s Effects on Earth

A

Gases of Sun swirl around, causing solar storms & winds.

Auroras
Communication Disruptions
Radiation Hazards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Auroras

A

Earth’s surrounded my magnetic field - strongest near North & South poles

Solar winds travelling toward Earth follow lines of magnetic force, winds come in contact with particles in Earth’s atmosphere near poles, producing display of light in night sky.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Communication Disruptions

A

Solar activity at Sun’s surface can affect artificial satellites.

Temperature & density of Earth’s upper atmosphere sometimes increased by solar radiation and storms.

Friction caused by dense atmosphere slows down satellites and alters orbital path.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radiation Hazards

A

Charged solar particles entered Earth’s atmosphere & disrupted signals from communications satellites orbiting planet.

Airplanes could receive higher than usual dose of radiation due to higher altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Solar System Order

A 
Inner, terrestrial planets: 
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Outer, gas giant planets: 
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Smaller Components, Dwarf Planets

A

Orbits Sun, spherical shape, DOES NOT dominate its orbit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Asteroids

A

Composed of rock & metal

Orbits sun, small, irregularly shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meteroids

A

Piece of rock & metal

Smaller than asteroid, usually size of dust particles but can be as large as car/building

Friction causes them to burn up, creating bright streak of light across sky ‘shooting star’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Comets

A

Chunk of ice & dust & rock

Orbits sun

When close enough to Sun, outer surface begins to sublimate (solid to gas), icy nucleus heats up, gases & dust escape - can be pulled in by planet’s gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Earth’s Rotation

A

Causes apparent motion of Sun in sky

Each day, earth makes complete rotation (west to east)

Portion facing sun - daylight
Portion facing away - darkness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Earth’s Revolution

A

Earth is elliptical

Each year, earth makes one complete revolution

Distance of each planet from Sun changes as it completes its orbit around Sun due to how Sun is located closer to one end of elliptical path

Shape and size of orbit affects time it takes to complete a revolution around Sun, value called an Orbital period.

Larger orbits takes longer to orbit Sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orbital Radius

A

Average distance from planet and Sun

Earth to Sun = 1 AU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Earth’s Tilt

A

Rotational Axis tilted 23.5 degrees from vertical

Affects average daytime temperature of Earth’s hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reasons for Seasons

A

Because of Earth’s tilt

When hemispheres revolve around Sun

Earth farthest from sun & northern hem tilted toward sun & sunlight spreads over small area, causes intense heating, sun appears to travel highest path in sky-more hours of daylight

Earth closest to sun & northern hem tilted away from sun & sunlight spreads over larger area, causes less heating, sun appears to travel lower path in sky-fewer hours of daylight.

17
Q

Solstice

A

When earth’s axis is most inclined toward/away from Sun

Winter // Summer

18
Q

Equinox

A

Time of year when hours of daylight and darkness are equal

Autumn // Spring

19
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

When earth is positioned between Sun & Moon, casting shadow on Moon

Can appear red/orange - caused by refraction of sunlight

20
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

When moon is aligned between Earth & Sun, blocking sun from being observed from earth

Only possible during new moon phase - quite rare

Only corona visible ( total solar eclipse )

21
Q

Position & Function of Different Satellites: NATURAL SATELLITE

A

Earth has one: Moon - orbits around earth

22
Q

Position & Function of Different Satellites: ARTIFICIAL/HUMAN-MADE SATELLITE

A

Help forecast weather & monitor agriculture & aid in telecommunication/navigation & Aassist military activities & explore Universe - orbits around Earth

Used in astronomy & space exploration

Stays in stable orbit because of balance between between its forward velocity & Earth’s gravitational pull

23
Q

Position & Function of Different Satellites: Low Earth Orbit

A

Revolves at around Earth at altitude up to 2000km

Special type: polar orbit, travels at altitude 200-900 km taking over north & south pole, allowing to view all parts of earth, provides best global coverage

24
Q

Position & Function of Different Satellites: Medium Earth Orbit

A

Travels altitude up to 35000km

Many part of Global Positional Systems GPS, travels at about 11000km

Aid in navigation by transmitting signals down to GPS receivers on ground, providing precise geographical coordinates of location

25
Q

Position & Function of Different Satellites: Geostationary Orbit Satellite

A

Orbits at 35790km, tenth of way to Moon

Provides orbital period equal to period of rotation of Earth

GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT when satellite orbits directly above equator

Appears motionless in sky

Weather satellites track weather in this manner, used by communication industries to broadcast TV & radio, can be linked to antennas on earth

26
Q

LY

A

Distance travelled by light in one year

27
Q

Describing Stars: LUMINOSITY

A

Total amount of energy produced by a star per second

28
Q

Apparent Magnitude

A

Brightness from Earth

29
Q

Absolute Magnitude

A

Brightness located 33 ly from Earth

30
Q

Describing Stars: Colour & Temperature

A

Hottest to Coldest:

Blue
White
Yellow
Orange
Red
31
Q

Describing stars: Composition

A

Use spectrograph to analyze spectrum

Spectrograph splits light energy into patterns of colours for observation

Each element emits light energy only at certain characteristic frequencies - influenced by unique electron energy levels within each atom

Can tell which elements make up star & be indicator of star’s temperature

32
Q

Describing stars: Mass

A

Mass of sun - 1 solar mass
Used to compare

Does not always reflect its size

33
Q

Red Shift

A

Discovered by Hubble

Light from galaxies shifting toward red end of visible spectrum, indicating galaxies & milky way are moving away from earth - evidence universe is expanding

Farther away the galaxy, greater the red shift, faster it appeared to be moving

34
Q

Hubble’s Discoveries

A

Each galaxy emits its own distinctive spectrum of light

Light spectra shift, depending on whether light source is moving/stationary

35
Q

How and where stars are formed

A

Begins with nebula: cloud of gas & dust (primarily hydrogen & helium)

Formed when parts of nebulas collapse in on themselves

Gravity pulls gas & dust particles together, causes clumps -forms protostar

Increase of mass & gravity causes atoms that become so tightly packed that pressure in core rises and nuclear fusion begins

Low to Medium Mass

Star’s hydrogen converts to helium by nuclear fusion-results in helium-rich core, surrounded by outer layer of hydrogen

With less hydrogen to burn, core begins to contract

Contraction heats core-while core contracts and gets hotter, outer layers of star expand and then cool, becoming red giant or super red giant

High mass - consumes hydrogen much faster resulting in short life cycles

Fuses helium into carbon when runs out of hydrogen for fusion

36
Q

What happens when stars die? Low-medium mass

A

Death of star less than or equal to 1 solar mass

Stars die when nuclear fusion stops occurring, core begins to collapse due to own gravity

Remains is white dwarf-emits UV light that collides with gas & dust

Energy illuminates clouds of gas and dust, creating planetary nebula

Black dwarf when white dwarf continues radiating energy into space, becoming cooler & dimmer until light goes out

37
Q

What happens when stars die? High Mass

A

Once fusion stops, stars collapse under own gravity, iron core increases temperature

Explodes in supernova - explosion that sends series of shockwaves

Rapidly expands nebula of gas & dust

Death of star between 10 and 30 solar masses: Core left behind becomes neutron star-extremely dense star composed of tightly packed neutrons

Death of star larger than 30 solar masses: core so massive it forms a black hole - matter so dense w/ gravity so strong that light can’t escape

38
Q

Big bang theory

A

Theory that Universe began in incredibly hot dense, expansion approx 13.7 billion years ago

Extremely hot universe spread energy outward very quickly.

As it cooled, energy began turning into matter(mainly hydrogen)

Over hundreds of millions of years, this matter formed clumps eventually forming stars & galaxies seen today

39
Q

Big Bang Theory Evidences

A

In 1965, physicists Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson kept detecting radiation from all directions in Universe from supersensitive antennas, interfering w/ radio experiments.
Scientists determined static interference represented remnants of energy released by initial expansion of space that followed Big Bang

In 1889, satellite COBE Cosmic Background Explorer, precisely measured temperature of background microwave radiation. Measurements matched evidence collected by Penzias & Wilson. Temperature variations are similar to an imprint of beginning of structure in Universe

In 2001, NASA launched cosmological satellite WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe which detects variations in temperatures in space. Data collected provides more info about early stages of universe. WMAP found evidence that first stars began to shine about 200-300 million years after Big Bang

Science Grade 9 Academic Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions