Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Grade 9 Academic Exam > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Solid

A

Hold particles close together in rigid shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Particle Theory

A
  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them
  2. Different substances are made up of difference kinds of particles
  3. Particles are in constant random motion
  4. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases
  5. Particles attract each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Liquid

A

Particles move faster as it gets hotter, gaining more energy.

When there’s enough thermal energy, particles start sliding past each other because attraction between particles can no longer hold them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gas

A

If heating continues, particles gain so much energy they fly apart

Particles so far apart their forces of attraction have little effect on behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose of Alloys

A

Solder (tin&lead) used to join metal components together such as wires and pipes -quickly solidifies to firmly hold parts together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alloys Associated Hazards

A

Lead poisoning causes irreversible damage to brain, kidneys, heart, reproductive organs especially in growing children

Many have been replaced with less hazardous materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical Properties of Common Substances

A 
Lustre
Optical Clarity
Brittleness
Hardness
Malleability
Ductility
Electrical Conductivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Quantitative Physical Properties

A

Temperature, Height, Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Density

A

Mass / Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Density graphs

A

As density increases, line gets steeper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

A

Physical - substance characteristics determined without changing composition of substance

Chemical - substance characteristics determined with changing composition of substance and one or more new substances are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical Change

A

Composition of substance remains exactly same, no new substances are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemical Changes

A 
Colour
Odour
Gas production (bubbles visible not caused by heating)
Precipitate production (new solid seen, often powdery)
Energy change (change in temperature/light)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristic Physical Properties

A

Freezing Point: liquid to solid

Melting Point: solid to liquid

Boiling Point: liquid to gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Element

A

Pure substance can’t be broken down into simpler chemical substance by any chemical/physical means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compound

A

Pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Properties of Metals

A

Lustre
Malleable
Ductile
Conductor

17
Q

Properties of Non-Metal

A

Usually gas/dull powdery solid

Usually poor conductors of heat & electricity

18
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Potassium

A

Plant foods i,e., oranges and bananas have good sources of potassium, important to function all living cells

19
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Calcium

A

Builds strong bones and teeth

20
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Strontium

A

Builds strong shell in coral

21
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Magnesium

A

Fireworks

22
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Helium

A

Balloons

23
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Neon, Krypton, Argon, Xenon

A

Glowing neon signs

24
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Chlorine

A

Chemical weapon during World War I

Safely killing bacteria from swimming pools

25
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Iodine

A

Disinfect scrapes & cuts (usually dissolved in alcohol)

26
Q

Useful Properties of Chemical Elements: Bromine

A

Increase brightness & operating life of bulb

27
Q

5 Atomic Models

A

1807 John Dalton - Atom
Billiard Ball Model

1897 JJ Thomson - Electron
Plum Pudding

1909 Ernest Rutherford - Nucleus & Proton
Gold Foil Experiment
(Tested thomsons)

Niels Bohr - Neutron
Bohr Model

Bohr-Rutherford Model - Electron Orbits

28
Q

John Dalton

Billiard Ball Model

A

Matter made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms, resembled billiard ball
Atoms of an element are identical
Atoms of different elements are different
Atoms are rearranged to form new substances in chemical reactions but are never created/destroyed

29
Q

JJ Thomson

The Electron ‘Plum Pudding’

A

Atoms contain negatively charged electrons
If atom is neutral, rest of atom must be positively charged
Electrons are evenly distributed in atom, like raising in plum pudding

30
Q

Ernest Rutherford

Gold Foil Experiment

A

Atoms are mostly empty space
Positively charged centre is surrounded by negatively charged electrons
Centre of atom (nucleus) has positive charge - contains most of atom’s mass but occupies very small space
Nucleus is what made some particles bounce back during experiment

31
Q

Niels Bohr
Bohr Model
Neutron

A

Studied light produced by hydrogen atoms when excited by thermal energy or electricity
Electrons occupy fixed orbits around nucleus
Each electron in orbit has definite amount of energy
Farther the electron is from nucleus, greater its energy
Electrons can jump to different orbits, releasing energy as light

32
Q

Bohr-Rutherford Model

Electron Orbits

A

Consists of positively charged protons and neutrons in nucleus of an atom
Negatively charged electrons orbit nucleus
Explained observations of light emitting by hydrogen atom
Central nucleus and orbiting electrons at different electron orbits

33
Q

Patterns in Periodic Table

A

Elements in same chemical family have similar properties

As you go down each family, number of electron orbits increase - a new orbit is added w/ each new row

Within each family, all atoms have same number of electrons in their outermost orbits

Reactivity of alkali metals increase as you go down group 1 as the furthest outermost electron from the nucleus has the weakest attraction, it’s more likely to be lost.

34
Q

Alkali Metal Properties

A 
Shiny
Silvery
Soft
Highly reactive
Low density
Can float on water
35
Q

Alkaline Earth Metal Properties

A

Shiny
Silvery
Not as soft or reactive as alkali metals

36
Q

Noble Gases Properties

A 
Low density
Colourless
Odourless
Tasteless
Glow brightly when electrical current is passed through
Non-toxic excluding radon
37
Q

Halogen Gases Properties

A

Very reactive
Rarely found in elemental form
Often form compounds with alkali metals
Poisonous in large amounts

38
Q

Molecular Compound

A

Molecule that consists of two or more different elements

Ex: Water (H2O)
Sugar (CHO)
Methane, Propane (CH)

39
Q

Ionic Compound

A

Compound that consists of positively and negatively charged ions

Ex: Iron + Oxygen (Iron Oxide)
Sodium Chlorine (Sodium Chloride)

Science Grade 9 Academic Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions