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Science Grade 9 Academic Exam > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Atmosphere

A

Layer of gases surrounding Earth

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1
Q

Biosphere

A

Describes locations in which life can exist within the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earth’s solid outer layer

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3
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All water on, above, below Earth’s surface

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4
Q

Biotic

A

All living components

Insects, bears, micro-organisms

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5
Q

Abiotic

A

All non-living components

Temperature, Wind, Water, Minerals, Air

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6
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Water + CO —> Oxygen + Glucose

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7
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Oxygen + Glucose ———> Water + CO

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8
Q

Food Chain

A

Chemical energy stored in producers passes through consumers

Food chain shows how energy passes through ecosystem

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9
Q

Water Cycle

A

Liquid water evapourates, forming water vapour moves through atmosphere.
Vapour condenses returning back to Earth as rain, snow, or hail.
Lands on lakes, rivers, oceans
Enters soil and groundwater
Water taken in by plant roots may be released from leaves in transpiration process

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10
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

Mostly occurs between carbon dioxide, photosynthesizing plants, micro-organisms

Most of Carbon not recycled, stored in carbon-rich deposits: fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

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11
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

Removed from atmosphere by soil micro-organisms undergoing nitrogen fixation and returned to atmosphere by denitrifying bacteria

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12
Q

Carry Capacity

A

Demand for resources increase as population increases

Factors result in reaching upper sustainable limit ecosystem can support

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13
Q

Limiting Factors Affecting Carrying Capacity

A

Predators & Diseases
Irrigation
Species Loss
Introduction to new species

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14
Q

Terrestrial Ecosystem Human Impacts

A

Light: Clear-cutting, fire

Water: Damming rivers, draining swamps/marshes

Soil: Farming practices

Temperature: Global Warming

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15
Q

Aquatic Ecosystems Human Impacts

A

Acidity: Acidic air pollution, Carbon dioxide emissions

Salinity: Salting highways and long-term irrigation practices

Light: Activities that increase erosion/stir up bottom

Soil: Nutrient runoff from agriculture & urban environments

Temperature: Industries & power plants

16
Q

How limiting water affects population in aquatic ecosystems

A

Shallow waters nears shore are nutrient rich and support abundant life. Without those nutrients, it can’t support as much. Organisms extremely sensitive to water temperature, acidity, pollution

17
Q

5 Products Derived from Environment

A 
Maple Syrup
Henna, Indigo
Latex and chicle
Waxes
Digitalis
18
Q

Importance of Biodiversity

A

Richer the diversity of life, greater opportunities

Planet’s most valuable source, can’t be restored once lost

19
Q

Effects of Invasive Species: Ecological

A

Compete with/feed on native species, leading to population decline or distinction

Change ecosystem dynamics altering nutrient cycles & energy flow

20
Q

Effects of Invasive Species: Economic

A

Damage to forests & agricultural crops causes financial losses

Competition w/ invasive species lowers crop yields

Diseases & pests may destroy livestock & crops, kill trees, and harm important species

21
Q

Effects of Invasive Species: Tourism

A

Species loss & reduced water quality have negative impacts on wildlife viewing, fishing, water-based recreation

Waterways can become choked w/ invasive aquatic plants -impassable to boats

22
Q

Effects of Invasive Species: Health

A

Disease-causing organisms lead to death

Pesticides used to control invasive species cause pollution and are health risks

23
Q

Controlling Invasive Species: Mechanical Control

A

Controlled with physical carriers or removal

Invasive plants - cut down, burned, removed by hand

Invasive animals - hunted or trapped

Barriers constructed to protect wetlands, chambers sorted so only native species can enter.

24
Q

Invasive Species Effects on Local Ecosystems: Brown Tree Snake

A

Pacific Island of Guam, accidental introduction around 1950

Caused extinction of 9 of Guam’s 12 forest birds and half of lizard species

25
Q

Invasive Species Effects on Local Ecosystems: Kudzu

A

Eastern US, intentionally introduced as forage crop and for erosion control

Rapidly spreading vine that kills native trees by shading them

26
Q

Bioremediation

A

Use of micro-organisms to consume/break down environmental pollutants

Some capable of feeding on oil

Sciences currently studying ways to speed up rate at which bacteria can break down the oil

Use of inorganic nutrients help

27
Q

Engineered Ecosystem Vs. Natural Ecosystem: Engineered

A

Very limited number of species interact

Most cycles are directly altered by humans

More uniform abiotic features, lower biodiversity

28
Q

Engineered Ecosystem Vs. Natural Ecosystem: Natural

A

Many species interact

Greater biodiversity, maintaining natural cycles

Sustain themselves over thousands of years

29
Q

How engineered ecosystems affect flow of nutrients & water

A

Natural ecosystems replaced with land uses to support modern lifestyle due to population increase using tools

Humans able to drastically alter environment

Humans not able to change basic relationships between them and environment

To live sustainably, biotic and abiotic conditions needed to survive can’t be disrupted

Threatens biodiversity, alters climate patterns

30
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Concentration of a substance such as, pesticides in the body of an organism

31
Q

How pesticides flow through food chain

A

BIOACCUMULATION

Some pesticides aren’t broken down/eliminated with other body wastes

If individual continues to eat food contaminated with the pesticide, it’ll accumulate in body

32
Q

DDT

A

Bioaccumulates up food chain

Reduced spread of malaria from mosquitoes, but caused chain reaction

Killed wasps,

Killed cockroaches, later consumed by lizards damaging their nervous system making them easier preys for cats

Declination of predatory birds due to bioaccumulation in their bodies, interfered with calcium metabolism, female’s ability to produce strong egg shells

33
Q

Controlling Invasive Species: Chemical Control

A

Use of pesticides

Mostly used on forest & agricultural pests because trees & crops have significant economic value.

Pesticides dramatically reduce crop damage however, it may kill non-target native species and cause pollution

34
Q

Factors Affecting Terrestrial Ecosystem Sustainability

A 
Size 
Proximity
Connectedness
Integrity
Number
35
Q

Factors Affecting Aquatic Ecosystem Sustainability

A

Replacing natural vegetation : habitat destruction, shoreline erosion

Commercial fishing

Draining wetlands for urban expansion & agriculture : loss of wetland habitats & associated species

Science Grade 9 Academic Exam (4 decks)

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