SP9 - Forces and their Effects ✓ Flashcards
SP9a - What do you call forces between objects that are touching?
Contact forces
SP9a - What is the name for the regular upward force form the ground when you’re standing?
Normal contact force
SP9a - What are the three non-contact forces?
- Gravitational fields
- Static electricity
- Magnetism
SP9a - What do all objects that produce a non-contact forces have?
A force field.
An area around an object in which another object could experience a force.
SP9a - Describe how the gravitational pull between the earth and the moon are action-reaction forces.
- Force is a vector quantity.
- The force of the moon on the earth is the same size as the earth on the moon but they are in opposite directions.
- Neither objects move in the direction of the force.
SP9c - What is the formula for a moment?
Moment (N m)
=
Force (N) x distance perpendicular to the pivot (m)
SP9c - What could you say when weights around a pivot are balanced?
It is in equilibrium
SP9c - What is the principle of moments?
The sum of clockwise moments = the sum of anti-clockwise moments
[When a system is in equilibrium]
SP9b - How do you work out the direction and size of the resultant force using the component forces?
The Parallelogram method:
- (If the start of a diagram hasn’t already been provided, draw to the two forces using a scale)
- Draw another pair of dashed-lines parallel to the forces
- This should form a parallelogram
- Draw a line from the object to the vertically opposite corner
- Measure this line and use the scale to work out the size
- If required, measure the angle to show the direction
SP9c - Explain why using two different sized gears in a car may be beneficial.
- The first smaller gear can be connected to the motor
- The second larger gear recieves the moment (turning force) from the first gear
- Since the second gear is larger, it will have a larger radius.
- This means that its moment will be greater (M = F x d)
- Therefore it will transfer more turning force to the wheels of the car.
SP9c - Why is a longer lever more effective?
- The formula for a moment (the turning force) is M = F x d
- Thus, by increasing the distance form the pivot, you will either:
- Increase the turning force
- Decrease the force required to produce the same turning force
SP9c - What is a high gear?
- When a large input gear turns a small output gear, leading to a high speed and a low turning effect.
SP9c - What is a low gear?
- When a small input gear turns a large output gear, leading to slow speed but high turning effect