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Edexcel GCSE Physics (9-1) > SP3 - Conservation of Energy ✓ > Flashcards

SP3 - Conservation of Energy ✓ Flashcards

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1
Q

SP3a - By what processes can energy be transferred?

A
  • Heating
  • Forces
  • Electricity
  • Light
  • Sound
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2
Q

SP3a - What are the 9 energy stores?

A
  • Kinetic
  • Thermal
  • Gravitational Potential
  • Elastic Potential
  • Sound
  • Light
  • Chemical
  • Nuclear
  • Electrical
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3
Q

SP3a - What diagram might you use to display the transfer of energy?

A

A sankey diagram, The width of the bars represent the amount of energy.

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4
Q

SP3a - What is the law of the conservation of energy?

A
  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between stores.
  • In a closed system, the total start energy = the total end energy
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5
Q

SP3a - What is unit for measuring energy?

A

Joules (J)

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6
Q

SP3b - How do you calculate efficiency?

A

total useful energy output / Total energy input Efficiency is on a scale of 0 to 1. To calculate it s a percentage, x100

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7
Q

SP3b - How do you distiguish useful and wasted energy on a sankey diagram?

A

The useful energy has an arrow going staright while the wasted energy arrow turns off.

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8
Q

SP3b - What is it called when energy transfers to its surroundings by heating?

A

Dissipation

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9
Q

SP3b - What is the most common form of wasted energy?

A

Thermal

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10
Q

SP3b - What might you do to moving parts to reduce energy loss and why?

A
  • Use a lubricant.
  • Moving parts cause friction which causes energy to dissipate losing energy.
  • Lubrication reduces friction and thus energy loss by friction.
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11
Q

SP3c - What are the 3 different ways in which energy is transferred by heating?

A
  1. Convection - This is when part of the fluid that is warmer than the rest rises up and creates a convection current
  2. Conduction - This is when vibrations are passed on between particles in a solid
  3. Radiation - The only way in which energy can be transferred through a vaccuum. Infrared radiation can also pass through gases and some solid materials.
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12
Q

SP3c - How is a flask able to maintain the temperature of its contents?

A
  • Silver coating on the outside and inside reflects radiation which would transfer thermal energy
  • Glass walls with vacuums between create a cavity stopping heat from entering or escaping
  • Plastic stopper stops heat from escaping
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13
Q

SP3c - Why do cavities in walls help insulate a house?

A
  • It creates an air gap - air has a very low thermal conductivity. When air is trapped, it cannot form convection currents and so does not transfer much energy
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14
Q

SP3c - What factors affect the rate of which energy is transferred through a material by heating?

A
  • The material’s:
  • Thickness
    rate of energy transfer is reduced by increasing thickness
  • Thermal Conductivity
    rate of energy transfer is reduced by decreasing thermal conductivity
  • Temperature Difference across it
    rate of energy transfer is reduced by decreasing temperature difference
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15
Q

SP3d - As an object falls describe the change in energy stores in terms of GPE and KE.

A
  • As an object looses height, it looses GPE this ‘lost’ energy transfers, mostly, into kinetic energy as it is moving.
  • Some other energy may transfer into sound energy
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16
Q

SP3d - What is the formula for change in gravitational potential energy.

A

ΔGPE = m x Δh x g

(change in GPE is mass x change in height x gravitational field strength)

17
Q

SP3d - What is the formula for Kinetic energy?

A

KE = ½ x m x v²

(Kinetic energy = mass x velocity² divided by 2)

18
Q

SP3d - What is the gravitational field strength on earth?

A

9.81 (Can be rounded to 10) m/s² or N/Kg

19
Q

SP3e - Apart from the lack of sustainability, why is burning fossil fuels not beneficial?

A

It releases Carbon dioxide and other gases that are harmful for the environment as they contribute to climate change.

20
Q

SP3e - What are the four main types of non-renewable energy sources?

A
  • Fossil fuels:
    • Natural gas
    • Coal
    • Oil
  • Nuclear
21
Q

SP3f - What are the pros and cons of biofuel?

A

Pros:

  • Will never run out
  • Carbon neutral (Burning fuels releases carbon put planting plants took in carbon so its neutral)

Cons:

  • Energy is also needed to grow and harvest the crops and to turn them into fuel - so most bio fuels aren’t really carbon neutral
    *
22
Q

SP3f - What are the pros and cons of hydroelectric energy?

A

Pros:

  • Very reliable
  • Will never run out
  • Won’t release carbon dioxide once installed

Cons:

  • Habitats destroyed
  • Only useful when water sources are nearby
23
Q

SP3f - What are the pros and cons of Tidal energy?

A

Pros:

  • Avaliable at predictable times
  • Will never run out
  • Doesn’t contribute to climate change

Cons:

  • Some argue that it harms wildlife
24
Q

SP3f - What are the pros and cons of using solar panels and solar energy?

A

Pros:

  • Will never run out
  • Won’t release carbon dioxide once installed

Cons:

  • Energy output depends on sun and so may not always be available
25
Q

SP3f - What are the pros and cons of using wind turbines?

A

Pros:

  • Will never run out
  • Won’t release carbon dioxide once installed

Cons:

  • Many have to be installed and they have low output
  • Takes up large spaces and soem say this spoils the view
  • Not reliable
26
Q

SP3f- Describe the use of Solar Energy

A
  • Solar cells in solar panels convert solar energy directly into electrical energy, in ‘‘solar farms’’ or on house roof-tops.
27
Q

SP3f- Describe Hydroelectricity

A
  • This is generated by falling water in places where water can be trapped in high reservoirs
28
Q

SP3f- Describe how electricity is generated using Tidal Power

A
  • Tidal power can generate electricity when turbines in a dam across a river estuary turn as the tides flow in and out
29
Q

SP3f- Describe how Bio-Fuels work

A
  • Bio-Fuels are used in the same way as fossil fuels - they are made from animal wastes or from plants
30
Q

Explain patterns and trends in the use of energy resources

A
  • During industrial revolution, fossil fuels became an important source of energy as it was easy to mine, and provided a lot of energy
    • Only recently has renewable energy become more suitable – technology has had to develop a lot since industrial revolution to be able to harness such energy sources efficiently

Edexcel GCSE Physics (9-1) (17 decks)

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