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Physics > SP4 Waves > Flashcards

SP4 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do sea waves do

A

Transfer energy to the shore, when they hit the land, the energy is transferred to the land so it can wear it away

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2
Q

What type of waves are waves on a surface of water

A

Transverse particles in the water move up and down as a wave passes but the particles are not carried to shore

Looks like a wiggly line

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3
Q

What are ttype of waves are sound waves

A

Longitudinal the particles in the material which is wave is traveling move backwards and forwards as wave passes

Look like loads of dots lol

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4
Q

What type of waves are earthquakes and explosions

A

They produce seismic waves that travel through the Earth, solid rock material can be pushed and pulled (longitudinal seismic waves) or moved up and down and side to side (transverse seismic waves)

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5
Q

What’s wave frequency

A

The number of waves passing a point each second, measured in hertz (Hz)

A 1 frequency of Herts means 1 wave passing per second,

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6
Q

What does the frequency of waves determine for sound

A

The pitch

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7
Q

What does frequency determine for light

A

The colour of light

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8
Q

What’s the period in waves

A

The length of time it take one wave to pass a given point

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9
Q

What’s the wavelength of a wave

A

Is the distance from a point on one wave to the same position on the next wave and is measured in metres

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10
Q

What’s the amplitude of waves

A

The maximum distance of a point on the wave away from its rest position

Measured in metres, the greater the amplitude of sound wave, louder the sound

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11
Q

What’s the velocity of a wave

A

The speed of the wave in the direction it’s travelling

Waves travel at different speeds in different materials

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12
Q

How is fm radio sent?

A

The music is sent by variations in the frequency of radio waves

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13
Q

Tell me the speed of wave triangle thing

A

X on top

V and T on bottom

X=distance
V=speed
T=time

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14
Q

What triangle link wave speed to frequency

A

V on top (speed)

F and weird sign thing that means wavelength on bottom

F=frequency
Wavelength symbol = wavelength

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15
Q

at what speed does light travel at in a vacuum

A

300000000 m/s (300 million)

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16
Q

How can you measure the speed of waves

A

Measure the time it takes for a wave to travel between two fixed points - the speed can be calculated from the time and distance between the points

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17
Q

What is refraction

A

When a wave changed direction when entering a new medium

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18
Q

Where does refraction happen

A

At the interface (boundary) between 2 media

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19
Q

What is the normal line

A

A line at right angles to the interface

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20
Q

How do we see things

A

We see things when light reflected from them reach our eyes

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21
Q

Which of the following does light travel fastest

Air
Glass
Water

A

Air

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22
Q

What happens when light passes the interface

A

It changes speed and this change cause the direction of light to change

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23
Q

What does the bend of the refraction depend on

A

How past the light travels into the two media and the angle of the light hitting the interface

The greater the difference in speed between the two media, the more light is bent

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24
Q

Which direction does light bend when light slows down

A

Towards the normal

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25
Q

What are the options of thighs a wave can do when it reaches an interface

A

Reflect - waves bounce off

Refract - the wave passes into the new material but changes direction to they way it’s traveling

Transmit - the wave passes the the material and is not absorbed or reflected

Absorb- the wave disappears as the energy its carrying is transferred in to the material

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26
Q

What happens when a wave is absorbed at an interface

A

The wave disappears as the Energy its carrying is transferred to the material

27
Q

What happens when a wave is transmitted at an interface

A

The wave passes through the material and is not absorbed or reflected

28
Q

What’s white light

A

Emitted from sun and light bulbs, made of a mixture of different frequency light and different colours, the different colours In light change speed by different amounts when the travel from glass to air or air to glass

This means they are redrafted through varying angles

29
Q

How can you split white light

A

Can be split up into by a prism into colours of the rainbow

30
Q

How can sound waves reflect

A

They echo when reflected by a hard surface - some material absorb sound and some transmit it well

Also reflected when It goes into another material

31
Q

What’s an anechoic chamber

A

A room designed to remove all echoes and used to test loud speakers and other audio equipment

32
Q

What changes when a sound wave enters a new material

A

The wavelength and velocity

NOT THE FREQUENCY

33
Q

How mast does s sound wave travel in air

A

330m/s

34
Q

What frequency does a sound wave have

A

10kHz

35
Q

What type of wave are sound waves

A

Longitudinal so particles in a gas or liquid vintage forward and backwards as sound passes

36
Q

What happens when sound reaches a solid

A

Some of the energy its transferring is reflected and some is transmitted through the solid or absorbed by it

37
Q

What type of wave are vibrations in s solid

A

Either longitudinal or transverse waves

38
Q

How does a sound wave travel through air to a solid

A

A sound wave causes changes in pressure on the surface, this caused particles to vibrate and so the disturbance is passed from air to solid

39
Q

What’s the first step to hearing s sound

A

Sound waves enter the ear canal

40
Q

What’s the second step to hearing sounds

A

The eardrum is a thin membrane, sound waves make it vibrate

41
Q

What’s the third step to hearing a sound

A

Vibrations are passed on to tiny bones with amplify the vibrations (make them bigger)

42
Q

What’s the fourth step to hearing a sound

A

Vibrations are passed on to the liquid inside the Cochlea

43
Q

What’s the fifth step to hearing a sound

A

Tiny hairs inside the cochlea detect these vibrations and create electrical signals called impulses

44
Q

What’s the sixth step to hearing a sound

A

Impulses travel along neurones in the auditory nerve to reach the brain

45
Q

What diameter is the cochlea

A

Approximately 9 mm

46
Q

How does the cochlea work

A

It’s a coiled tube containing a liquid, it can detect different frequencies of sound reaching the ear

47
Q

What range of frequencies can a human hear

A

20hz to 20,000hz

48
Q

What’s the cochlea like

A

There’s a memebrane in the middle of the tube that’s thicker and stiffer at the base and thinner at the apex(end) t

It works by different frequencies of membrane (made tk of thousand of hair cells) detect vibrations

At different thicknesses, different frequencies are detected

each hair cd is connected to a neurone that send an impulse to the brain and the brain interprets the signals as different pitches of sound

49
Q

What range of frequencies does the thicker base detect

A

Highest ones up to 20,000hz

50
Q

What is the frequency range for humans

A

20,000hz - 20hz

51
Q

What are sounds with frequencies higher than 20,000hz also known as

A

Ultrasound

52
Q

What can hear ultrasound

A

Animals such as mice - use it to communicate with eachother

Dolphins and bats use it to detect object around them using ultrasound waves

53
Q

How does sonar equipment use ultrasound

A

Sonar equipment carried on ships or submarines send waves out and they listen for echoed when waves are reflected by objects, they measure the time for the echo being send and it being returned and used distance, time , speed triangle to determine how far away objects are
Can be used to find depth of sea too

54
Q

How can ultrasound be used for humans

A

Making images of how a foetus is devolving by a machine detecting the time between the pulse out and recurring the echo

It creates an image by only some waves are reflected by going to a new medium such as fat or bone

55
Q

What is infrasound

A

Sounds with a frequency less than 20hz - they can not be heard by humans

56
Q

What can hear infrasound

A

Since infrasound waves travel further than higher frequency sound waves before they become to faint to detect

Animals such as elephants can Hear them

57
Q

What events can create infrasound waves

A

Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

58
Q

What are the vibrations called that are caused by earthquakes

A

Seismic waves, the energy released by an earthquake can travel through earth as longitudinal P waves and as transversal S waves

59
Q

How are seismic waves detected

A

By seismometers

60
Q

What mediums can longitudinal waves be transmitted through

A

Solids, liquids, gases

61
Q

What mediums can transverse waves travel through

A

Only transmitted by solids

62
Q

What’s the S wave shadow zone

A

Where no S waves are detected and occurs Becuase part of the interior or the earth is liquid

Also a band around Earth called the p wave shadow zone

63
Q

How do some weak p waves arrive through the p wave shadow zone

A

Occur if waves in the liquid core has been reflected by something solid

64
Q

Tell me the layers of the earth starting from the dry surface

A

Crust

Mantle

Outer core (liquid)

Inner core (solid)

Physics (13 decks)

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