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Physics > SP10 > Flashcards

SP10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is voltage?

A

It is a measure of the difference in electrical energy between two parts of a circuit (potential difference). The bigger the difference in energy, the bigger the voltage. it ‘pushes’ the current around and is measured in volts (V).

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2
Q

What is current?

A

The flow of electric charge. measured in amps (A)

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3
Q

What is the conventional current direction?

A

from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the battery

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4
Q

What is resistance?

A

The force that opposes or resists the flow of electrons in a circuit

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5
Q

Why does temperature affect resistance?

A

When temperature is increased, this causes the ions to vibrate more vigorously, causing more collisions

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6
Q

Why do graphs for diodes only show a current when the PD is positive?

A

They have a really high resistance in the opposite direction so no current can flow in that direction

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7
Q

What is charge?

A

A measure of the total current flowed within a certain period of time

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8
Q

What does Ohms Law state?

A

V=IR

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9
Q

What is the same everywhere for series circuits?

A

Current

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10
Q

What is shared in series circuits?

A

Voltage

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11
Q

In a parallel circuit, Vtotal=

A

V1=V2=V3=V4 and so on

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12
Q

In a parallel circuit, I total=

A

I1+I2+I3.. and so on

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13
Q

What happens when you increase the amount of components in a parallel circuit?

A

The total resistance lowers

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14
Q

What is the formula for charge?

A

Current x time (seconds)

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15
Q

What is the formula for energy transferred?

A

Energy transferred = Potential difference x Charge

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16
Q

How is energy transferred through a circuit?

A 
A cell (or battery) containing energy transfers this to the charge
The charge transfers the energy to the components 
The components (eg lamp) transfer the energy to the surroundings by heating and light
17
Q

Why do resistors get hotter when current flows through it?

A

As current flows through, ions in the resistor collide with the electrons. This converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, increasing the resistor’s temperature

18
Q

What is the formula for power? (use energy transferred)

A

Energy transferred/time= power

19
Q

Give the two formulae for working out power (using current)

A

Current x potential difference
and
Current² x resistance

20
Q

What is the national grid?

A

A network of wires and cables that transfer electricity to our homes

21
Q

What is AC?

A

Alternating current, current that constantly changes direction

22
Q

What is DC?

A

Direct current, current that travels in one direction

23
Q

What is the frequency and voltage of mains electricity?

A

230V and 50Hz

24
Q

What does the live wire do?

A

Provides the voltage for the circuit

25
Q

What does the neutral wire do?

A

It completes the circuit by carrying away the current

26
Q

What does the earth wire do?

A

Stops the appliance casing from becoming live by providing an alternative pathway for the current to flow is the live wire became loose

27
Q

What is a surge?

A

Sudden increases in current

28
Q

When can surges happen?

A

When you turn an appliance on or off

A fault in the appliance or circuit

29
Q

What do fuses and circuit breakers do?

A

They break the circuit whenever the current gets too high

30
Q

What is a fuse and what does it do?

A

A thin piece of metal that melts when a current too high is passed through it, in order to break the circuit

31
Q

What are circuit breakers and what do they do?

A

They break a circuit when there is a surge by turning it off

32
Q

What is double insulation?

A

When an appliance is covered in an insulator (usually plastic) in order to prevent any metal parts from being exposed, decreasing the chance of a person getting an electric shock

Physics (7 decks)

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