SP 1.3 - environmental, social and economic impacts

Question 1

Environmental Impacts (Pollutions - Negative)

Answer 1

• Chemical Sprays and
  additives
• Fungicides and pesticides
  can result in residue
  of toxic chemical in the soil,
  water & wine.
• Some Chemicals have been
  banned
• Energy consumption - large amounts of energy to run machinery / refrigeration = large carbon emissions.

Question 2

Environmental Impacts

Organic Viticulture - Positive

Answer 2

• Global organic wine market
  is worth $72 billion
• Roughly 2000 organic wine
  producers around the world
• Has positive environmental
  impacts
• Restricted use of synthetic
  materials (fertilisers,
  herbicides, insecticides and
  fungicides)
• Emiliana Vineyards, Chile

Question 3

Economic Impacts

Labour Exploitation - Negative

Answer 3

• Seasonal grape pickers are
  protected in AUS by
  minimum wages
• In USA many of the casual
  workers are illegal
  immigrants from Mexico and
  have no protection
• As viticulture is an economic
  activity in the developed
  world, there is little evidence
  of labour exploitation

Example- Giumarra Wineyards, California

Question 4

Economic Impacts

Job Creation - Positive Impact

Answer 4

• Scientific knowledge applied to quality control
• Vintage wine requiring a higher skilled workforce.
• Use of computers increases
  demand for IT specialists

Question 5

Social Impacts

Cultural Integration - Positive Impact

Answer 5

• Different countries adopt and adapt their own viticulture, winemaking and wine consumption to other countries.
• Western culture is influencing China

Example - China wine consumption leapt 69%, making it the worlds fifth largest wine market.

Question 6

Social Impacts

Social Issues - Negative Impact

Answer 6

• Wine is a major source of binge drinking
• Very low cost of cask bag wine
• Clean skin wine sold cheap
• 30% of cask wine drinkers drink daily
• 8% of bottle wine drinkers drink daily