SP 1.1 - nature, spatial patterns and future directions

Question 1

Ideal Biophysical requirement for grape growing

Answer 1

• Free draining soils, relatively infertile
• Ideal Climate
• Humidity
• Summer Temps 25-30°C
• Winter Temps not below 18°C

Question 2

Wine Grape itself

Answer 2

• Technology has resulted in thousands of grape varieties
• Each grape has different flavour, colour, sugar concentration, growth time and resistance to peasts and disease/
• Sugar concentration determines variety of growth
• Wine makers use hundreds of different varieties of grapes.

Question 3

Winemaking

Answer 3

• Influences flavour of wine
• The process has remained the same for thousands of years
• Affecting grapes grown
• Length of fermentation
• Storage (oak or stainless steel)

Question 4

Latitude

Answer 4

• Viticulture is restricted by a latitudinal zone
• 30°C and 50°C North and South
• Lower latitudes are too humid
• Higher latitudes are to cold for grape growth

Question 5

Main Wine producing areas

Answer 5

- Old world
France
Italy
Spain
Germany
Romania

- New World
Australia
USA
CHile
Argentina
South Africa
New Zealand
China

Question 6

Prodcution

Answer 6

• Old World
  Wine production is around 293 million hectolitres annually
• New World
  Challenging traditional world, now account for 38% in 2018

Question 7

Consumption

Answer 7

• Global Consumption was 246 million hectolitres in 2018
• USA
• France
• Italy
• Germany
• China

Question 8

Future of wine industry

Answer 8

• Technology
  
  • Use of biotechnology
• Expenditure
  
  • Costs are increasing
• Trade
  
  • New Markets in Asia
• Export
  
  • Wine is so valuable that it is worth exporting overseas.
• Productivity
  
  • New world competing with old world
• Consumption
  
  • Consumer tastes are changing, less care for quality and want more quantity
• Ecological Impacts
  
  • these impacts on ecological sustainability, cause move to organic viticulture