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Pigs > Sows > Flashcards

Sows Flashcards

1
Q

How long is a sow’s oestrus cycle?

A

21d

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2
Q

How long is the pig production cycle? How does it breakdown?

A

21wks

Weaning to service = 1wk
Gestation = 16wk
Farrowing to weaning = 4wk

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3
Q

What are some Sx of heat in the sow?

A

Swelling & reddening of the vulva
Vocalisation
Interest in the boar
Standing heat

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4
Q

What sort of semen in used in pig AI?

A

Fresh

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5
Q

How is PD performed on sows and at what stage of gestation?

A

Trans-abdominally

1st scan = 4wk
2nd scan = 6-7wks

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6
Q

How long is a sow’s gestation?

A

16wks

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7
Q

What is the main production measure for breeding pig units?

A

No. piglets born alive / sow / yr

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8
Q

What two figures contribute to piglets born alive/sow/yr?

A

Farrowing index = no. litters / sow / yr

Born alive / sow

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9
Q

What is the maximum farrowing index for a sow? Why?

A

= 52 litters / sow / year

Based on production cycle of 21wks

52/21 = 2.476

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10
Q

Three main problems occur in breeding units – what are they?

A
  1. Problem with conception
  2. Problem with reduced litter size
  3. Problem with low production
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11
Q

Why might a unit have increased return to service? How can you tell if conception is the main problem or if it is early embryo loss?

A

Increased return to service = poor quality or timing of service, boar problem, disruption to implantation, infection, abortions

Regular return to service - multiples of 21d –> indicates either failure of fertilisation OR early loss of embryo

Irregular return to service - ‘out of sync’ –> indicates sow was served BUT either sow wasn’t in heat, abortion, disruption to implantation OR infection

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12
Q

What can cause decreased litter sizes?

A

a. Issue with ovulation –> genetics, nutrition, parity
b. Issue with fertilisation –> poor service timing or quality, boar problem, nutrition, stress
c. abortion

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13
Q

What is the avg. weight of a gilt?

A

200kg

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14
Q

What is MMA syndrome?

A

Mastitis, metritis and agalctia

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15
Q

What can influence farrowing index?

A

Conception rate
Final farrowing rate
Weaning to service interval
Weaning to conception interval

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16
Q

What can influence the no. piglets born alive?

A 
Point of ovulation
Point of fertilisation
Implantation
Maintenance of pregnancy
Survival through farrowing
17
Q

What are some Sx of farrowing?

A

Nesting behaviour
Decreased appeitite
Milk beads

18
Q

What is the main cause of dystocia in pigs?

A

Inertia

19
Q

What are the two types of inertia causing dystocia?

A

Primary = over conditioned, lack of muscle tone, HypoCa, concurrent illness

Secondary = exhaustion, prolonged obstruction

20
Q

Once dystocia has been correct / farrowing has taken place, what should be given to the sow?

A 
Oxytocin
Penicillin
NSAID
Ca if been straining for ++ time
PGF2a if retained membranes
21
Q

What is the indication for Caesarian section?

A

If totally unresponsive to inertia or obstruction

22
Q

How much colostrum do piglets require within first 6hrs?

A

Two feeds

23
Q

What is the most common presentation of MMA syndrome?

A

Agalactia

24
Q

How is MMA syndrome Tx?

A

Anti-inflams, oxytocin, pen & strep

25
Q

In which pigs is savaging of piglets most common and why?

A

Overconditioned gilts

More condition = more fat around pelvic canal = more pain

26
Q

There are 5 routine piglet procedures – what are they?

A
  1. IM Fe depo injection
  2. Tail docking
  3. Teeth clipping
  4. Tagging, notching etc
  5. Routine vacs
27
Q

Why do piglets have their tail’s docked?

A

The ends of their tails have no innervation –> dock end of tail to take it to a level of sensation –> less problems with tail biting

28
Q

How and why do piglets have their teeth clipped?

A

To prevent teat lesions - use of a burr to take off the sharp tip

Pigs (6 decks)

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