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History Gr6 > Southern African Kingdoms > Flashcards

Southern African Kingdoms Flashcards

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1
Q

1000yrs ago, how were African societies organised?

A

hierarchical

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2
Q

What were important resources 1000 yrs ago?

A

cattle & land

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3
Q

Who was the head of the household in african societies?

A

men, they made all the decisions

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4
Q

The economy started to change, from farming to trading what goods?

A

e.g. cattle, ivory, gold

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5
Q

Who in society had more power?

A

men who owned the most cattle and land

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6
Q

What was the result of population growth?

A

people spread out over bigger ares and organised into bigger groups.

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7
Q

What did the groups sometimes fight over?

A

resources like land

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8
Q

How did the groups become organised for protection?

A

Powerful leaders and chiefs built up armies and made weapons

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9
Q

Where did the people believe the king’s power came from?

A

God

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10
Q

How did they believe the power was passed on?

A

to the family, eg kings eldest son became next king

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11
Q

Who controlled all economic activities?

A

kings and chiefs

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12
Q

Examples of the economic activities are?

A

mining, farming, trading

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13
Q

How did the people decide where to farm?

A

kings/chiefs decided

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14
Q

What did kings/chiefs collect from the ordinary people under their control?

A

taxes and tributes

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15
Q

In aprox 900AD who moved from the area now called Zimbabwe to the basin of Limpopo and Shashe rivers?

A

Zhizo farmers

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16
Q

Where did they make their capital?

A

known today as Shroda farm

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17
Q

What jobs did the Zhizo farmers do?

A

herded cattle, farmed grains, hunted elephants for ivory, traded

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18
Q

Which merchants did they trade with?

A

Arabic, Swahili, Indian, Indonesian

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19
Q

What did they trade?

A

Ivory, rhino horn, gold, iron, leopard skin

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20
Q

What did they receive in turn for their trade?

A

glass beads, silk cloth, cotton, ceramics

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21
Q

In aprox 1020 AD who moved north and took control of the area?

A

Kalundu people

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22
Q

Where did they make their capital?

A

site now called K2 (a few kms west of Shroda

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23
Q

What did archaeologists find in their excavations at K2?

A

graves, evidence of copper & iron working, ivory, glass beads

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24
Q

What are ‘garden rollers’?

A

melted beads made into bigger beads

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25
Q

In the next 200 yrs how did the K2 leaders become wealthy?

A

farming and trade

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26
Q

Who changed the way wealth was shared in society? K2 leaders/Zhizo ppl

A

K2

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27
Q

How was wealth shared in Zhizo times?

A

trade goods were widely dispersed among ppl

28
Q

What led to the beginnings of social divisions in society?

A

K2 leaders controlled trade goods and kept most imported goods for themselves

29
Q

In aprox 1220 where did the K2 population move to because they had grown too big for the area?

A

Mapungubwe Hill

30
Q

Who ruled Mapungubwe?

A

African King

31
Q

Where did the king of Mapungubwe live?

A

top of MH

32
Q

The king of Mapungubwe was a sacred king, what was he in charge of?

A

important ceremonies and rituals

33
Q

What type of rituals did they have?

A

rain-making rituals

34
Q

What was built on a rain-making site?

A

the kings palace

35
Q

Who did the king act as messenger to?

A

Mwari (God)

36
Q

Where were the Mapungubwe royals buried?

A

special graveyard on top of the hill

37
Q

In what position were the royals buried?

A

seated

38
Q

What was found in their graves?

A

gold bangles, necklace, exotic glass beads, gold beads, cowrie shells, gold bowl, gold sceptre and gold rhino

39
Q

What does the golden rhino symbolise?

A

leadership

horn - role of the leader to protect the people

40
Q

What does the golden sceptre symbolise?

A

authority, was always carried by the king

41
Q

What do the golden beads symbolise?

A

power, leadership and importance

only the king and his family wore gold beads

42
Q

What are trading routes?

A

the paths that traders follow as they move between settlements

43
Q

What rivers did the trade routes follow to the harbours on the East African coast?

A

Limpopo & Zambezi

44
Q

From which countries did the traders come from to trade at the trading centres on the coast for goods from the African interior?

A

Persia, Egypt, India, Arabia, China

45
Q

Mapungubwe was an important part of the Indian Ocean trade network linking which countries?

A

Asia, Arabia, Africa

46
Q

What goods did Mapungubwe export?

A

salt, cattle, animal skins, fish, bone, ivory, wood, freshwater snails, mussel shells, pottery, chert, ostrich eggshell beads. objects made from gold, copper and iron
(scampi, cob, wff, cig)

47
Q

When was the Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape (includes schroda, K2 and Mapungubwe) declared a World Heritage site?

A

2003

48
Q

Who was the first person to receive the Order of Mapungubwe award for excellence and exceptional achievement?

A

Nelson Mandela

49
Q

What are some possible reasons that Mapungubwe was abandoned in about 1270?

A
  • trade routed changed resulting in other ares becoming more powerful. possibly because demand for gold increased rather than demand fro ivory and bone
50
Q

What other kingdom controlled the trade in gold?

A

Great Zimbabwe

51
Q

What does the name Zimbabwe mean?

A

stone buildings/house of rock or stone/venerated house

52
Q

Who were the first people to live in Great Zimbabwe?

A

Bantu-speaking ancestors of the Shona ppl

53
Q

What did Great Zimbabwe trade with East Africa along the Limpopo river trading routes?

A

gold

54
Q

What other countries is there evidence that Great Zimbabwe traded with?

A

Middle and Far East

chinese pottery and persian bowl found in the ruins

55
Q

The kingdom of Great Zimbabwe disappeared in the 1600’s, what do historians think happened?

A
  • gold trade in the region declined, resources became scarce

- local trade disrupted by Portuguese merchants

56
Q

Who was one of the first Europeans to travel the silk road?

A

Marco Polo (1254-1324)

57
Q

What was the Silk Road?

A
  • ancient overland trade route that ppl used for many centuries.
  • Started in China and ended in western Europe
58
Q

What opened up the trade between Asia and Europe?

A

The stories, ideas and goods that Marco Polo brought back from Asia to Europe.

59
Q

How old was Marco Polo when he left Europe to adventure across the continent of Asia?

A

17yrs old

60
Q

He was away for 24 years, how long did he spend in China?

A

17yrs

61
Q

He was 38 yrs old when he returned to his home in…..

A

Venice, Italy

62
Q

Who was inspired by the book Marco wrote about his travels ‘Travels of Marco Polo’?

A 
Christopher Columbus (100 yrs after the book was written)
This inspired him to visit those lands in the Far East himself
63
Q

Where was the first class-based society found in South Africa?

A

Mapungubwe

64
Q

How many towns was the Great Zimbabwe kingdom made up of?

A

50

65
Q

What ocean did Marco Polo sail on on his return?

A

Indian Ocean

History Gr6 (7 decks)

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