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Geography > South America > Flashcards

South America Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Latin America refer to?

A

All of the Spanish and Portuguese speaking nations south of the United States ; not accurate!

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2
Q

What are the features of the Highlands/Plateus

A

Andes, Brazilian Highlands, Guiana Highlands, and Plateu

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the Andes?

A

Occupies western margins from Venezuela to Southern Chile ; It is an extension of the Rockies

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4
Q

Where are the Brazilian Highlands?

A

The southeastern part of the Amazon Basin

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5
Q

Where are the Guiana Highlands?

A

Northern section across Venezuela and the three Guianas

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6
Q

Where is the Plateu?

A

Patagonian Plateau that occupies the southern third of Argentina

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7
Q

What are the drainage basins?

A

Amazon, Orinoco, and Parana-Paraguay

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8
Q

Where is the Amazon Basin?

A

Occupies the central north region ; the area is drained by the Amazon river and its tributaries

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9
Q

Where is the Orinoco Basin?

A

Lies north of Venezuela and Colombia

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10
Q

Where is the Parana-Paraguay basin?

A

Between the two major rivers of the Parana (Argentina) and Paraguay and their tributaries

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11
Q

What were the political empires that existed here?

A

Maya and Inca

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12
Q

Where did the Maya and Incas live?

A

High-altitude valleys called Altiplanos

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13
Q

Why did they live on the Altiplanos?

A

Fertile soils, reliable water, natural protection, and abundant building materials

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14
Q

Which countries are in the old Inca Empire?

A

Bolivia, Chile, and Peru

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15
Q

What were the skills of the Incan empire?

A

Builders, physicians, farmers/herders, great administrators, military strategists, and highly centralized authority

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15
Q

What did the Incan Empire look like after the Spanish Invasion?

A

Centralized political system was easier to defeat, population decimated, robbed best lands, and denied the right to cultivate traditional crops

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16
Q

What are the ethnic landscapres of South America?

A

African, Mestizos, European, and Amerindian

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17
Q

Where is the African Ancestry?

A

Caribbean and Brazilian coast

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18
Q

Where are the Mestizos?

A

Brazil, Central&Northern half, and Northern Chile

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19
Q

Where is the European Ancestry?

A

Argentina, Paraguay, and Middle Chile

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20
Q

Where is the Amerindian Ancestry?

A

Amazon rainforest of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and the southern portion of Chile

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21
Q

What are the regions?

A

Caribbean North, Andean West, Southern Cone, and Brazil

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22
Q

Which countries are in the Caribbean North?

A

Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and Guiana

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23
Q

What are the general characteristics of the Caribbean North?

A

Share the Caribbean Coast and tropical plantations & are all on the north side of the equator

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24
Q

What are Colombia’s coastal characteristics?

A

2000 miles of coastline on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts

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25
Q

What are Colombia’s population characteristics?

A

Densities higher in the western and northern regions. the interior to the east is the least populated

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26
Q

What are the effects of Cocaine on Colombia?

A

Replaced coffee, infiltration of drug cartels, violence is rampant, and private armies have formed

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27
Q

What are Colombia’s natural resources?

A

Banana, Coffee, Gold, and Platinum

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28
Q

When did Venezuela gain independence? Where is the Capital?

A

1811 ; Caracas

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29
Q

Where are Venezuela’s oil and gas reserves?

A

Around Lake Maracaibo

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30
Q

What is the impact of Oil Politics in Venezuela

A

They fight for jurisdictions in Guyan, fights with Columbia over Maritime boundaris, and socialist policies have backfired

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31
Q

When did the Economic Crisis in Venezuela happen?

A

When president Nicolas Maduros took over from Chavez in 2013, causing hyperinflation, starvation, diseases, crime, and 5 million in emigration

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32
Q

What was the cause of the 2013 Venezuelan economic crisis?

A

Low oil prices, drop in oil production, socialist policies backfired, and us sanctions on oil sector

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33
Q

What are the common characteristics of the “three guianas”

A

Small countries forming the eastern flank of the region, populations below 1 million, and not “latin” ; Mostly African and Asian workers who were brought in to work on plantations

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34
Q

What are the 3 guianas?

A

Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana

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35
Q

When did Guyana gain independance?

A

May 26, 1966

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36
Q

What is the large cultural group of Guyana?

A

South Asians

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37
Q

What is the religious stratification of Guyana?

A

Christian 50%
Hindus 25%
Muslim 6.8%

38
Q

What is a major economic factor of Guyana?

A

Off-shore oil reserves used by Exxonmobil

39
Q

Who colonized Suriname? By who?

A

The dutch in 1975

40
Q

What are the ethnicities in Suriname?

A

Indonesians, Chinese, and Africans

41
Q

What are common languages in Suriname?

A

Official: dutch ; common: Sranan Tongo

42
Q

What are Suriname’s economic contributors?

A

Rice and Bauxite

43
Q

Where is the French Guiana?

A

Easternmost outpost of the Caribbean North

44
Q

What is the capital of French Guiana?

A

Cayenne

45
Q

What are the economic contributors for the French Guiana?

A

Fish and Gold; European Space Agency accounts for hald of the economic activities

46
Q

Which countries are part of the Andean West region?

A

Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay

47
Q

What are the regional characteristics of the Andean West?

A

Amerindian dominance and generally South America’s poorest countries

48
Q

What is the smallest country in the Andean West? What is its capital?

A

Ecuador ; Quito*****

49
Q

What are Ecuador’s exports?

A

Banana, Seafood, oil

50
Q

Who did Ecuador grant asylum to? When?

A

Julian Assange in 2012

51
Q

What are the subregions of Peru?

A

Desert Coast, Andean, and Eastern Slope

52
Q

What are the characteristics of the Desert Coast in Peru?

A

Europeans & Mestizos, most productive, and irrigated agriculture/fishing

53
Q

What are the characteristics of the Andean subregion of Peru?

A

Mostly Amerindians(high altitude), significant mineral wealth: gold, lead, zinc

54
Q

What are the charcateristics of the Eastern Slope in Peru?

A

Inland facing slopes, isolated, and has oil&natural gas

55
Q

Bolivia and Paraguray are unique because…

A

They are the only land locked countries

56
Q

What are the five countries that border Bolivia?

A

Brazil, Paraguay, Argentin, Chile, and Peru

57
Q

What is the important border feature with Peru? Why?

A

Lake Titicaca (12,500 ft above sea level) ; supports potato and grain cultivation

58
Q

Which country has a stark cultural split?

A

Bolivia ; hlad Amerindian in upland west and Mestizos in the low-lying east

59
Q

Where is the government of Bolivia?

A

La Paz

60
Q

Who was the Amerindian President elected in 2005? Which Country?

A

Evo Morales ‘ Bolivia

61
Q

What does Bolivia’s mineral wealth look like?

A

Natural gas and oil exports, lithium reserves (21 million metric tons) to 1/2 of the World’s lithium

62
Q

What does Paraguay serve as geographically?

A

The transitional bridge between the Andean West, Southern Cone, and Brazil

63
Q

Where have more than 300,000 settled?

A

The eastern periphery of Paraguay

64
Q

What does Paraguay’s culture look like?

A

not spacially entrenched, indigenous ancestry dominates, population is only 6.7 million

65
Q

What are the languages of Paraguay?

A

Spanish and Amerindian with Guarani being used as the language of instruction sine 1996

66
Q

What does poverty look like in Paraguay?

A

2/3 of the population; 1% owns 75% of the land, and in 2008 the Guarani preist was elected as President (Fernando Lugo)

67
Q

What are Paraguay’s exports?

A

Soy beans, livestock, and HEP

68
Q

Which countries are part of the Southern Cone?

A

Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay

69
Q

What is the largest country in the southern cone?

A

Argentina

70
Q

Where is Argentina’s population concentrated? How much?

A

Citites at 91%

71
Q

WHat is Argentina’s cultural imprint?

A

Spanish!

72
Q

What is Argentina’s primate city?

A

Buenos Aires 1/3 of the entire population

73
Q

What was Buenos Aires built upon?

A

The grain and beef industry

74
Q

Where is the world’s largest Opera House? what’s its name?

A

Bueno Aires ; Teatro Colon

75
Q

What are Argentina’s exports?

A

Beef and grains (production occurs on the pampa grassland)

76
Q

What is Argentina’s relationship with the Falkland Islands?

A

Argentinian forces invaded in April 1982, but the British took it back

77
Q

What happened with the Falkland Islands?

A

5 countries have laid claim. claim under British control in 1833, and British Special Forces drove the out and took 11000 prisoners of war… Islanders became British citizens thereafter

78
Q

Where is Chile?

A

A strip of land lying almost 2500 miles between crestline of Andes and Pacific coast

79
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Chile?

A

Atacama desert, Middle Chile, and the Southern Coast

80
Q

What are the characteristics of the Atacama Desert region in Chile?

A

1/3 of the country extending down from the border with Peru. Hot summers but COLD winters, cold desert, so little rain

81
Q

What are the economic aspects of the Atacama Desert region of Chile?

A

Mineral wealth in nitrates and copper. It has the world’s largest open pit copper mine

82
Q

What are the characteristics of the Middle Chile region of Chile?

A

Most fertile lands, 90% of the country’s population, capital city and chief seaport

83
Q

What is the chief seaport in Middle Chile?

A

Valparaiso

84
Q

What are the characteristics of the Southern Coast region of Chile?

A

Fjords and tiny islands, mountainous, colder climate like Canadian Sheild, Amerindians

85
Q

Uruguay is the biffer state between which two countries?

A

Spanish Argentina and Portuguese Brazil

86
Q

What is interesting about Uruguay’s population?

A

Over half o the 3.4 million population lives in the Capital city of Montevideo

87
Q

What are Uruguay’s major economic activities?

A

market gardening, sheep/cattle ranching, meat processing factories, and wool/textile manufactoring

88
Q

What are Uruguay’s exports?

A

Wool, beef, Cereal, textile, amd Tourism

89
Q

What is unique abour Brazil?

A

Giant of South America and one of the 4 biggest emerging markerts (BRIC)

90
Q

How many states are part of the federal republic of Brazil

A

26 states

91
Q

Which industries does Brazil challenge the US in?

A

Agriculture and industrial products

92
Q
A

Geography (4 decks)

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