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Geography > Middle America > Flashcards

Middle America Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the seven republics of Central America?

A

Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama

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2
Q

Which Islands are part of the greater antilles

A

Cuba, Jamaica, The Hispaniola, Puerto Rico

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3
Q

Which islands are part of the lesser antilles?

A

Bahamas, Virgin Islands, Antigua, St. Lucia, Tobago, Trinidad, and Aruba

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4
Q

When did Mexico gain independance and how many states dos it consist of?

A

1821 ; 31 states

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5
Q

What are Mexico’s most densely populated areas?

A

Jalisco, Mexico City, Puebla, Veracruz

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6
Q

Wha are Mexico’s least populated states?

A

Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Campeche

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7
Q

What is it like outside of Mexico City’s CBD?

A

Middle class, struggling working class, and farthest away are slums, poverty, and crime

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8
Q

What is the ethnic composition of Mexico?

A

15.1%Amerindians, 62% Mestizos, and 1.2% Afro-Mexicans

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9
Q

What is the socioeconomic trend in Mexico?

A

Northern is more afluent and economically prosperous

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10
Q

What are the 3 drug cartels of Mexico?

A

Gulf Cartel (North west), Sinaloa Cartel (North central down to the pacific ocean), and Los Zetas (Eastern coast along the Gulf of Mexico)

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11
Q

What is the stratification of drug movement in Mexico?

A

30% east throught he gulf of mexico, 20% through Guatemala, and 50% west through the Pacific ocean (including Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru)

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12
Q

What are Mexico’s national development challenges?

A

Violence, gap between rich and poor, infrastructure, education, and poverty

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13
Q

Where is Central America mostly populated?

A

Cooler uplands along the Pacific coast

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14
Q

Which country has more land neighbors than any other?

A

Guatemala

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15
Q

Which country was the former Mayan Empire and once part of Mexico

A

Guatemala

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16
Q

What is Guatemala’s ethnic composition?

A

55% Mestivos and 45% Amerindiands

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17
Q

When as the civil war in Guatemala that resulted in over 200,000 dead?

A

1960-1996

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18
Q

How much of Guatemala’s population lives in poverty?

A

60%

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19
Q

What are Guatemala’s economic resources?

A

Nickel, oil, and coffee

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20
Q

Where is Belize?

A

Wedged between northern Guatemala and the Yucatan Peninsula

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21
Q

What was Belize known as until 1981?

A

British Honduras

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22
Q

What are Belize’s Exports and economic activities?

A

Sugar, Banana, seafood
Clothing and ecotourism

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23
Q

What is strategic about Honduras’ location?

A

They have a lengthy Caribbean coastline

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24
Q

How does Honduras inconvenience El Salvador?

A

It blocks their access to the Caribbean

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25
Q

What is Honduras’ ethnic composition?

A

90% mestizos

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26
Q

What is the smallest geographic country?

A

El Salvador

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27
Q

What is El Salvador’s ethnic composition?

A

86% Mestizos

28
Q

What are El Salvador’s exports and important economic contributors?

A

Coffee and Banana
Remittances

29
Q

Which country is called the cone-shaped country?

A

Nicaragua

30
Q

What is the state of Nicaragua’s economy?

A

Second poorest andrelies on foreign aid and remittances

31
Q

Which country has the oldest democratic tradition of 175 years?

A

Costa Rica

32
Q

Which country has the highest standard of living in the region?

A

Costa Rica

33
Q

Why does Costa Rica have a strong ecotourism sector?

A

80% of her original forest cover remains

34
Q

What are Costa Rica’s exports?

A

Banana, Coffee, seafood

35
Q

When did the US open the Panama Canal?

A

1914

36
Q

When did the US lose control of the Panama Canal?

A

December 31, 1999

37
Q

How many ships pass through the Canal yearly

A

14,000

38
Q

What are Panama’sexport crops?

A

Coffee, sugar cane, rice, and banana

39
Q

What are Panama’s prominent cities?

A

Colon (Caribbean seaboard) and Panama City (Pacific Ocean side, financial center, modern city)

40
Q

Where are the Greater Antilles?

A

The Caribbean Basin

41
Q

What are the social stratifications of the Caribbean Basin?

A

Europeans on top, Hispanics, Mixed European-African (Mulattos), Afro-Caribbean, and ethnic minorities hold the power

42
Q

Which country is the Largest Caribbean Island State just 90 miles from Florida?

A

Cuba

43
Q

What is the significant history of Cuba?

A

Independance in 1898, American dictator until 1959, then Fidel Castro gained control

44
Q

What did Cuba look like inder Fidel Castro’s reign?

A

communist dictatorship, 1 million fled Cuba to Miami, and Cuban missle crisis in 1962

45
Q

Where is Guantanamo Bay? What is it?

A

Southeastern tip of Cuba, leased to the US in 1903 for a US Naval base…serves as a detention camp for terrorists and prisoners of war

46
Q

What are Cuba’s export and stable crops?

A

Sugarcane, coffee, tobacco

rice and beans

47
Q

What are Cuba’s challenging circumstances?

A

Poverty, Crowded slums, aging infrastructure, and unemployment

48
Q

Where is Jamaica?

A

Directly south of Cuba

49
Q

What is Jamaica’s colonial legacy?

A

British colony until 1962, Ceremonial head of state is the British monarch, and they still use British civil procedures

50
Q

What are Jamaica’s Exports, minerals, and foreign investments?

A

sugar, banana, tobacco

Bauxite

Infrastructure, tourism

51
Q

Which countries are part of the Hispaniola?

A

Haiti and the Dominican Republic

52
Q

What are the significant history points for Haiti?

A

Independance in 1804
Revolution 1791-1804

53
Q

What is unique about Haiti’s physiography?

A

It is located within a dangerous erathquake zone and Hurricane alley

54
Q

What are Haiti’s development challenges?

A

Poorest country, material deprivation, political instability, repression, and foreign aid/remittances

55
Q

What is the other country on the island with Haiti?

A

Dominican Republic (shared a larger share of the Hispaniola)

56
Q

Who colonized the Dominican Republic?

A

Spain

57
Q

What are the DR’s mineral and agricultural exports?

A

Nickel, gold, silver

Sugar tobacco, coffee, and cocoa

58
Q

Which country is the smallest of the Greater Antilles?

A

Puerto Rico

59
Q

What is the capital of Peurto Rico?

A

San Jan

60
Q

When was Peurto Rico Claimed? For which state?

A

1493 ; Spain

61
Q

When did the US take control over Puerto Rico as a territory?

A

1898

62
Q

What benefits do people in Puerto Rico get from the US?

A

By law natural-born citizens and free travel to the US

63
Q

What does the country of Puerto Rico receive from the US?

A

Subsidy annually $4-13 bilion

64
Q

What happened in Puerto Rico 2017?

A

They had a non-binding referendum to become the 51st US state, but only 23% voted

65
Q

What are the characteristics of the Puerto Rican Economy?

A

unemployment 25% & low wages keep locals in poverty

exports: coffee, electronic equipment, and pharmaceuticals

66
Q

What are the results of Puerto Rico’s weak economy?

A

Massive emigration and underdeveloped private sectors

67
Q
A

Geography (4 decks)

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