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South Africa Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What was the first wine of South Africa to receive European admiration?

A

Vin de Counstance

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2
Q

Who originally owned the Constantia estate?

A

Governor Simon van der Stel

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3
Q

What happened to South Africa in the latter half of the 19th century?

A

Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera struck

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4
Q

What does KWV stand for? What do they do?

A

Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika; Founded in 1918 in the face of plummeting prices and over-supply, they fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production and established production limits. These powers were formalized in the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act

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5
Q

What was the apartheid? When did it began and end?

A

A segregationist system instituted by South Africa in late 1940s and ended in 1994

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6
Q

When did the KWV become a private company?

A

1997

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7
Q

What does SAWIT stand for? When was it established?

A

South African Wine Industry Trust; 1999

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8
Q

What is SAWIS? When was it established?

A

South African Wine Information & Systems; 2002

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9
Q

What is South Africa’s wine appellation system called?

A

Wine of Origin

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10
Q

When was the WO system introduced? What does it do?

A

Introduced in 1973 it compels producers seeking certification to submit a sample of the wine for evaluation by a tasting panel, which confirms the wine shows the correct organoleptic qualities for its cultivar and age. They wine also undergoes scientific analysis

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11
Q

As of 2006, if a wine lists a single varietal, what is the minimum percentage of that varietal for South African wines?

A

85%

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12
Q

What are the laws for labeling blends in South Africa?

A

Blends may list several grapes on the label if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape compromises a minimum 20% of the wine

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13
Q

As of 2006, if a wine from South Africa lists a vintage on the label, what is the required minimum?

A

85%

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14
Q

If a wine from South Africa lists an area of production, what percentage of grapes must derive from the stated area?

A

100%

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15
Q

What are the four types of production areas in South Africa in descending order of size?

A

Geographical unit, region, district, ward

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16
Q

What are the laws for labeling a wine “Single Vineyard Wine” in South Africa?

A

It may be used for wines sourced solely from the vineyard, provided it is appropriately registered and of less than 6 Ha

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17
Q

What are the laws for labeling a wine “Estate Bottled” in South Africa?

A

Must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land and vinified and bottled on a single property

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18
Q

If a wine from South Africa forgoes certification, what can they not put on the label?

A

Vintage, varietal or area of production (including single vineyard and estate bottled)

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19
Q

What is IPW? When was it established and what do they do?

A

Integrated Production of Wine Scheme; Founded in 1999, it is a voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards. They set guidelines for agricultural, manufacturing and packaging practices. They judge wineries on a point system (min 60% required to pass) including worker safety measures, handling of waste water, carbon emissions, use of pesticides/chemicals and vineyard biodiversity

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20
Q

What are the five large geographical areas of South Africa?

A

Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo

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21
Q

What are the districts and wards of Northern Cape in South Africa?

A

Districts: Douglas and Sutherland-Karoo. Wards: Hartswater, Central Orange River and Rietrivier FS

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22
Q

Where is Northern Cape?

A

South Africa

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23
Q

Where is Douglas?

A

It is a district in the North Cape, South Africa

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24
Q

Where is Sutherland-Karoo?

A

It is a district in the North Cape, South Africa

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25
Q

Where is Hartswater?

A

It is a ward in the North Cape, South Africa

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26
Q

Where is Central Orange River?

A

It is a ward in the North Cape, South Africa

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27
Q

Where is Rietrivier FS?

A

It is a ward in the North Cape, South Africa

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28
Q

What is the single ward within Eastern Cape, South Africa?

A

St. Francis Bay

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29
Q

Where is Eastern Cape?

A

South Africa

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30
Q

Where is St. Francis Bay?

A

It is a ward in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

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31
Q

Where is Kwazulu-Natal?

A

South Africa

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32
Q

Where is Limpopo?

A

South Africa

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33
Q

What are the 6 regions of the Western Cape, South Africa?

A
  • Coastal Region
  • Cape South Coast
  • Breede River Valley
  • Klein Karoo
  • Olifants River
  • Boberg
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34
Q

What is the climate of the Western Cape?

A

Mediterranean, with warm sunny growing seasons.

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35
Q

What current cools the coastal regions of the Western Cape in South Africa?

A

Benguela Current- runs north from Antarctica to cool the coastal areas

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36
Q

What region has the coolest climate in South Africa? Which has the hottest?

A

Cape Agulhas (Western Cape); Orange River (Northern Cape)

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37
Q

What winds blow through the Western Cape of South Africa?

A

The Cape Doctor- A notoriously strong southeasterly wind that blows across the cape throughout spring and summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperatures but also battering the vines

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38
Q

What is Chenin Blanc known as in South Africa?

A

Steen

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39
Q

What are the most important white varieties in South Africa?

A

Steen, Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Colombard, Cape Riesling, Hanepoot and Gewurz

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40
Q

What is Cape Riesling?

A

A synonym for Crouchen Blanc

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41
Q

What is Hanepoot?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

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42
Q

What is Pinotage a crossing of?

A

Cinsault X Pinot Noir

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43
Q

Who created Pinotage?

A

Professor Abraham Perold in 1925

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44
Q

What are the most important red varieties of South Africa?

A

Pinotage, Cinsault, Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Shiraz, Pinot Noir and Tinta Barroca

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45
Q

What teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia?

A

Pontac

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46
Q

What is sparkling wine called in South Africa?

A

Cap Classique

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47
Q

What are the 9 districts in the Coastal Region of the Western Cape?

A
  • Stellenbosch
  • Cape Peninsula
  • Tygerberg
  • Paarl
  • Tulbagh
  • Darling
  • Franschhoek Valley
  • Wellington
  • Swartland
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48
Q

What district was repealed in early 2014 with the creating of the Cape Peninsula district?

A

Cape Point

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49
Q

Name 3 of the 5 estates that now occupy the Constantia vineyard.

A

Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia and Buitenverwachting

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50
Q

What is South Africa’s most prominent winemaking region?

A

Stellenbosch

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51
Q

What are the soils of Stellenbosch?

A

Some of the world’s most ancient soils, ranging from alluvial loam over shale on the valley floors to decomposed granite and sandstone on the hillsides

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52
Q

What are the most planted grapes of Stellenbosch?

A

Cab Sauv, Sauv Blanc, Merlot, Shiraz and Chenin Blanc

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53
Q

What is the climate of Stellenbosch?

A

Maritime-influenced

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54
Q

Who are the highly regarded producers of Stellenbosch?

A

Warwick Estate, Meerlust, Kanonkop, Rust en Vrede, and Neil Ellis

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55
Q

Who produces ‘Trilogy’? From what grape and where?

A

Warwick Estate- Cabernet Sauv- Stellenbosch

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56
Q

Who produces ‘Rubicon’? From what grape and where?

A

Meerlust- Cab Sauv- Stellenbosch

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57
Q

What in Kanonkop known for?

A

Pinotage

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58
Q

Who is the largest producer in Paarl?

A

Nederburg- over 40 bottlings in their range and the first to produce Botrytised dessert wines in South Africa

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59
Q

Where does the Nederburg Wine Auction take place?

A

Paarl (since 1975)

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60
Q

What are the most important grapes of Paarl?

A

Cab Sauv, Shiraz, Pinotage, Chenin Blanc and Chard

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61
Q

What two former wards of Paarl have since received district status?

A

Franschhoek Valley (2010) and Wellington (2012)

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62
Q

What is commonly produced in Tulbagh? Why?

A

Because of the higher altitudes creating a significant diurnal temperature shift, Cap Classique wines are increasing

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63
Q

What is the Boberg Region used for?

A

It exists only for fortified wines produced in Paarl, Franschhoek, Wellington and Tulbagh

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64
Q

Where is Cape Peninsula?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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65
Q

Where is Tygerberg?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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66
Q

Where is Paarl?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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67
Q

Where is Franschhoek/ Franschhoek Valley?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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68
Q

Where is Wellington?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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69
Q

Where is Stellenbosch?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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70
Q

Where is Darling?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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71
Q

Where is Swartland?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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72
Q

Where is Tulbagh?

A

It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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73
Q

What are the wards within the Cape Peninsula district?

A

Constantia and Hout Bay

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74
Q

Where is Constantia?

A

It is a ward within the Cape Peninsula district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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75
Q

Where is Hout Bay?

A

It is a ward within the Cape Peninsula district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

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76
Q

What are the wards within the Tygerberg district?

A

Durbanville and Philadelphia

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77
Q

Where is Durbanville?

A

It is a ward within the Tygerberg district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

78
Q

Where is Philidelphia?

A

It is a ward within the Tygerberg district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

79
Q

What are the wards within the Paarl district?

A

Simonsberg-Paarl and Voor Paardeberg

80
Q

Where is Simonsberg-Paarl?

A

It is a ward within the Paarl district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

81
Q

Where is Voor Paardeberg?

A

It is a ward within the Paarl district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

82
Q

What are the wards within the Stellenbosch district?

A
  • Jonkershoek Valley
  • Papegaaiberg
  • Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
  • Bottelary
  • Devon Valley
  • Banghoek
  • Polkadraai Hills
83
Q

Where is Jonkershoek Valley?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

84
Q

Where is Papegaaiberg?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

85
Q

Where is Simonsberg-Stellenbosch?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

86
Q

Where is Bottelary?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

87
Q

Where is Devon Valley?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

88
Q

Where is Banghoek?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

89
Q

Where is Polkadraai Hills?

A

It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

90
Q

What is the ward within the Darling district?

A

Groenekloof

91
Q

Where is Groenekloof?

A

It is a ward within the Darling district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

92
Q

What are the wards of the Swartland district?

A
  • Riebeeksberg
  • Malmesbury
  • St. Helena Bay
93
Q

Where is Riebeeksberg?

A

It is a ward within the Swartland district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

94
Q

Where is Malmesbury?

A

It is a ward within the Swartland district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

95
Q

Where is St. Helena Bay?

A

It is a ward within the Swartland district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa

96
Q

What was the fourth district of the Breede River Valley that is now apart of the new Cape South Coast region as of 2010?

A

Swellendam

97
Q

What s the largest district in South Africa in terms of production?

A

Worcester

98
Q

Where is the majority of South Africa’s Semillon planted?

A

Worcester

99
Q

What is the Robertson district known for?

A

Shiraz

100
Q

What are the districts of the Breede River Valley region?

A
  • Robertson
  • Worcester
  • Breedekeloof
101
Q

Where is Robertson?

A

It is a district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

102
Q

What are the wards of Robertson?

A
  • Agtekliphoogte
  • Bonnievale
  • Boesmansrivier
  • Eilandia
  • Hoopsrivier
  • Klassvoogds
  • Le Chasseur
  • McGregor
  • Vinkrivier
103
Q

Where is Agterkliphoote?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

104
Q

Where is Bonnievale?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

105
Q

Where is Boesmansrivier?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

106
Q

Where is Eilandia?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

107
Q

Where is Hoopsrivier?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

108
Q

Where is Klassvoogds?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

109
Q

Where is La Chasseur?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

110
Q

Where is McGregor?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

111
Q

Where is Vinkrivier?

A

It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

112
Q

Where is Worcester?

A

It is a district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

113
Q

What are the wards of Worcester?

A

Nuy, Scherpenheuvel and Hex River Valley

114
Q

Where is Scherpenheuvel?

A

It is a ward in the Worcester district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

115
Q

Where is Hex River Valley?

A

It is a ward in the Worcester district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

116
Q

Where is Nuy?

A

It is a ward in the Worcester district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

117
Q

Where is Breedekloof?

A

It is a district in the Breede RIver Valley region of South Africa

118
Q

What are the wards of Breedekloof?

A

Goudini, and Slanghoek

119
Q

Where is Goudini?

A

It is a ward in the Breedekloof district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

120
Q

Where is Slanghoek?

A

It is a ward in the Breedekloof district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa

121
Q

What is the dominant production focus for Klein Karoo?

A

Fortified and sweet wines

122
Q

What are the most planted grapes in Klein Karoo?

A

Muscat and Tinta Barroca

123
Q

What are the two districts of Klein Karoo?

A

Calitzdorp and Langeberg-Garcia

124
Q

Where is Calitzdorp?

A

It is a district in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa

125
Q

Where is Langeberg-Garcia?

A

It is a district in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa

126
Q

What are the wards (with out a district) of Klein Karoo?

A
  • Montagu
  • Tradouw
  • Tradouw Highlands
  • Upper Langkloof
  • Outeniqua
127
Q

Where is Montagu?

A

It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.

128
Q

Where is Tradouw?

A

It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.

129
Q

Where is Tradouw Highlands?

A

It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.

130
Q

Where is Upper Langkloof?

A

It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.

131
Q

Where is Outeniqua?

A

It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.

132
Q

What are the most planted grapes of Olifants River Region?

A

Colombard and Chenin Blanc

133
Q

What is the larges co-operative winery in South Africa?

A

Vredendal (in Olifants River Region)

134
Q

Where are South Africa’s highest vineyard elevations located?

A

Cederberg (an unincorporated ward located to the east of the Olifants River Region)

135
Q

What are the three districts of the Olifants River Region?

A

Lutzville Valley, Citrusdal Mountain, Citrusdal Valley

136
Q

Where is Lutzville Valley?

A

It is a district in the Olifants River Region in South Africa

137
Q

What is the ward of Lutzville Valley?

A

Koekenaap

138
Q

Where is Citrusdal Mountain?

A

It is a district in the Olifants River Region in South Africa

139
Q

What is the ward of Citrusdal Mountain?

A

Piekenierskloof

140
Q

Where is Citrusdal Valley?

A

It is a district in the Olifants River Region in South Africa

141
Q

What are the three wards of Olifants River Region not incorporated into a district?

A

Spruitdrift, Vredendal and Bamboes Bay

142
Q

Where is Spruitdrift?

A

It is a ward in the Olifants River Region in South Africa. It does not belong to a district.

143
Q

Where is Vredendal?

A

It is a ward in the Olifants River Region in South Africa. It does not belong to a district.

144
Q

Where is Bamboes Bay?

A

It is a ward in the Olifants River Region in South Africa. It does not belong to a district.

145
Q

When was the Cape South Coast Region created?

A

2010

146
Q

Which of the districts of the Cape South Coast Region lie along the southwestern Atlantic Coast of South Africa?

A

Overberg, Walker Bay and Cape Agulhas

147
Q

Which of the districts of the Cape South Coast Region lies on the southern coast of Africa?

A

Plettenberg Bay

148
Q

Which of the districts of the Cape South Coast Region lies closest to the Breede River Valley?

A

Swellendam

149
Q

What former ward of the Overberg district has since received district status of its own? When?

A

Elgin in 2012

150
Q

What is the climate for both Overberg and Elgin districts?

A

Cool maritime

151
Q

What are the popular grapes of Overberg and Elgin districts?

A

Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir and Riesling

152
Q

What is Walker Bay becoming known for?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

153
Q

Who is a leading producer in Walker Bay?

A

Hamilton Russell

154
Q

What is the southernmost district of South Africa?

A

Cape Agulhas

155
Q

What is the climate of Elim?

A

Cool

156
Q

What grapes are becoming prominent in Elim?

A

Sauv Blanc, Semillon and Shiraz

157
Q

What are the districts of Cape South Coast Region?

A
  • Overberg
  • Elgin
  • Walker bay
  • Cape Agulhas
  • Plettenberg Bay
  • Swellendam
158
Q

Where is Overberg?

A

It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa

159
Q

What are the wards of Overberg?

A
  • Klein River
  • Theewater
  • Greyton
  • Elandskloof
160
Q

Where is Klein River?

A

It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

161
Q

Where is Theewater?

A

It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

162
Q

Where is Greyton?

A

It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

163
Q

Where is Elandskloof?

A

It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

164
Q

Where is Elgin?

A

It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa

165
Q

Where is Walker Bay?

A

It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa

166
Q

What are the wards of Walker bay?

A
  • Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
  • Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
  • Sunday’s Glen
  • Bot River
  • Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
  • Stanford Foothills
167
Q

Where is Hemel-en-Aarde Valley?

A

It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

168
Q

Where is Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley?

A

It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

169
Q

Where is Sunday’s Green?

A

It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

170
Q

Where is Bot River?

A

It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

171
Q

Where is Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge?

A

It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

172
Q

Where is Stanford Foothills?

A

It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

173
Q

Where is Cape Agulhas?

A

It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa

174
Q

What is the ward of Cape Agulhas?

A

Elim

175
Q

Where is Elim?

A

It is a ward in the Cape Agulhas district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

176
Q

Where is Plettenberg Bay?

A

It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa

177
Q

Where is Swellendam?

A

It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa

178
Q

What are the wards of Swellendam?

A

Buffeljags, Stromsvlei and Malgas

179
Q

Where is Buffeljags?

A

It is a ward in the Swellendam district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

180
Q

Where is Stromsvlei?

A

It is a ward in the Swellendam district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

181
Q

Where is Malgas?

A

It is a ward in the Swellendam district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa

182
Q

What are the wards of Cape South Coast Region that are not incorporated into a district?

A
  • Herbertsdale
  • Napier
  • Stilbaai East
183
Q

Where is Herbertsdale?

A

It is a ward in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa. it is not included in a district.

184
Q

Where is Napier?

A

It is a ward in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa. it is not included in a district.

185
Q

Where is Stilbaai East?

A

It is a ward in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa. it is not included in a district.

186
Q

What is Rust en Verde?

A

An important producer of Stellebosch

187
Q

Who is responsible for renovating Groot Constanta in 1778 and bringing acclaim back to the wines?

A

Hendrik Cloete

188
Q

What two geographical areas do not have any smaller production areas located within them?

A

Kawzulu-Natal and Limpopo

189
Q

When were the terms Cape Port and Cape Sherry phased out? What is Cape Port referred to as now?

A
  • 2012

- Cape Port is named according to its style: Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby

190
Q

What is Jerepigo?

A

A VDL from SA, made from Muscat a Petits Grains with a min RS of 160 g/l

191
Q

What is the Boberg Region named for?

A

The nearby Berg River

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