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Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

How long must espumanto DO Douro wines be on their lees? What is the min abv?

A
  • 9 m on lees

- 11% ABV

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2
Q

Fortified Port from the Douro DOP is released as what DOP?

A

Porto DOP

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3
Q

What percentage of the Douro’s wines are released as Porto?

A

~50%

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4
Q

How long must the wines of Setubal be aged? How long are some aged?

A
  • Min 18 m
  • in large wooden casks
  • up to 5 years, some as long as 20
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5
Q

Describe the red and white styles of Carcavelos DOP.

A

(Lisboa IGP)
The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado. After fortification the wines are aged for 2 years in wood and 6 months in bottle

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6
Q

What is Aragonez?

A

Tempranillo

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7
Q

What two wines benefited from the ‘torna viagem’ (round trip) maturation process in the heyday of Portugal’s fortified wine trade?

A

Madeira and Setubal

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8
Q

When was Setubal demarcated?

A

1907- one of Portugal’s first

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9
Q

What two companies alongside Port became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide post WWII?

A
  • Mateau
  • Lancers
  • For sweet, semi-sparkling roses
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10
Q

What are the 6 sub-regions of Do Tejo DOP?

A
  • Coruche
  • Cartaxo
  • Santarem
  • Tomar
  • Chamusca
  • Almerim
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11
Q

What styles and from what grapes are produced in Do Tejo DOP?

A

White wines outnumber reds and rosados

White- Fernao Pires
Red-Castelao

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12
Q

What IGP coves 30% of Portugal’s landmass?

A

Alentejano IGP

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13
Q

What DOP of Lisboa produces aguardente?

A

Lourinã

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14
Q

What are the sub-regions of Encostas de Aire DOP?

A
  • Ourém

- Alcobaça

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15
Q

Where is the Transmontana IGP located?

A
  • East of Minho
  • Along the Spanish boarder
  • North of Duriense
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16
Q

What are the 3 non-contiguous sub-regions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP?

A
  • Chaves
  • Valpaços
  • Planalto Mirandés
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17
Q

What does ‘garrafeira’ mean on a Portuguese table wine label?

A
  • ‘Private Wines Cellar’- indicating a minimum period of aging prior to release
  • Tinto- min 30 m (w/ 12 m in btl)
  • Branco/Rosado- min 12 m (w/ 6 m in btl)
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18
Q

What is the min % of grapes grown in a stated region region for a Portuguese wine?

A

85%

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19
Q

What does ‘garrafeira’ mean on a port wine label? Who pioneered it?

A
  • Following a few years in barrel, it is aged for a min of 8 years in glass demijohns
  • Niepoort
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20
Q

What DOP provides the best terrior for Castelão? What % is required?

A
  • Palmela DOP (sandy plains)

- Min 66.7% required

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21
Q

What are the two major grapes of Palmela DOP white wines?

A

White wines are typically blended with high proportions if Fernão Pires and Arinto

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22
Q

What red grape is a signature component of Dão red blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

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23
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Dão?

A

Jaen (Mencia)

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24
Q

What 3 DOPs near Lisbon are slowly disappearing due to the expanding urban population?

A
  • Bucelas
  • Colares
  • Carcavelos
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25
Q

How many of the 9 Azores Islands have DOP zones? What are they?

A
  • 3 of the 9
  • Pico (fortified)
  • Biscoitos (fortified)
  • Graciosa (dry whites)
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26
Q

What are the DOPs of Terra’s do Dão IGP?

A
  • Dão

- Lafões

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27
Q

Where is Bairrada DOP? What is it’s sole subzone?

A
  • Beira Alântico

- Terras do Sicó

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28
Q

What styles if wine are permitted under the Palmela DOP?

A 
White
Red
Rosado
Frisante
Espumante
Licoroso
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29
Q

The liberal encépagement of Palmela allows for what international white and red varieties?

A 
Cab Sauv
Chard
Sémillon
Syrah
Sauv Blanc
Merlot
Tannat
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30
Q

What is the purpose of enforcado? How much of the vines of Vinho Verde are grown this way?

A
  • Reducing risk of fungal disease and allowing crops to be cultivated below the vines, creating a dense farming region
  • Less than 10% of the vines are still trained in this method
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31
Q

Where are the finest examples of Arinto produced?

A

Bucelas (Lisboa)

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32
Q

What is the min and max ABV of Carcavelos DOP?

A

Min 15%

Max 22%

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33
Q

What is Vinho Abafado?

A

Partially fermented must preserved with alcohol used for fortification in Carcavelos DOP

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34
Q

What styles of wines are produced in the Bairrada DOP? What style is dominant?

A

Red (dominant)
White
Rosado

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35
Q

What 3 regions is Touriga Nacional ‘valued’ in Portugal?

A
  • Dão
  • Duoro
  • Alentejano
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36
Q

In Bairrada, what soils are the red and white grapes planted on, respectively?

A
  • Red- barros (clay)

- White- sandy soils

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37
Q

What are Colgeita Tardia?

A

Late harvest wines of Portugal

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38
Q

What is the historical nexus of commercial trade for Port?

A

Oporto

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39
Q

What is Portugal’s largest DOP?

A

Vinho Verde (15% of the total vineyard acreage)

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40
Q

What ships were traditionally used to transport port casks in from Pinhão (Cima Corgo) downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?

A

Barco Rabelo

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41
Q

When were the monopolistic demands of the Port trade ended?

A

1968- with membership to the EU

-All Port wines are required by law to be aged and shipped from Villa Nova de Gaia

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42
Q

What are 2 synonyms for Touriga Nacional?

A
  • Bical Tinto

- Mortágua Preto

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43
Q

What is enforcado?

A

A traditional vine training method in Vinho Verde. Vines grow off the ground, up trees, stakes and telephone poles, creating overhead canopies.

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44
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Biscoitos DOP of the Azores Island of Terceira? What are the authorized grapes?

A

Fortified whites from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

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45
Q

What style of wine is produced from the Graciosa DOP of the Azores Islands?

A

Dry white table wine

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46
Q

What is the most planted variety of Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

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47
Q

What town of Vinho Verde is directly across the Minho River from Rias Baixas’ Condado do Tea?

A

Monção

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48
Q

What important sub-region of Vinho Verde is producing quality Alvarinho?

A

Monção e Melgaço

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49
Q

What are the 2 DOPs of Península do Setúbal IGP?

A
  • Setúbal

- Palmela

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50
Q

What are the 5 best red grapes for the Douro and Porto?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Franca
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Tinta Cão
  • Tinta Barroca
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51
Q

What 4 white grapes are the best for production in the Duoro and Porto?

A
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Vosinho
  • Rabigato
  • Gouveio
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52
Q

What was the Duoro Wine Company initially?

A
  • Charged with eliminating fraud and installing regulatory measures
  • Established the boundaries and practices of the Douro appellation in 1756
  • Developed a methodology for grading Port vineyards
  • Authorized individual farmer’s production allotment based on the vineyard’s grade
  • Regulated grape prices
  • Fixed pricing on finished wines
  • Managed exports
  • Monopolized the sale of aguardente
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53
Q

What wines are produced under the Douro DOP?

A
  • Table wines

- Moscatel do Douro (Licoroso and rare)

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54
Q

What is the Portuguese term for fortified?

A

Licoroso

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55
Q

What has the Douro Wine Company survived as today?

A

The Royal Oporto Wine Company

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56
Q

What style of wines are produced in Bucelas? From what grapes?

A

Dry white- min 75% Arinto

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57
Q

What is the sole DOP of Alentejano?

A

Alentejo DOP

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58
Q

Who is the largest producer of Setúbal?

A

J.M. da Fonseca

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59
Q

What is the sole DOP of the Tejo IGP?

A

Do Tejo DOP

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60
Q

What is required of Douro wines to be labeled ‘Reserva’?

A
  • White/Rosado- min 11.5% ABV, 6 m aging

- Red- min 12% ABV, 1 yr aging

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61
Q

What is the major red grape of the Bairrada DOP? What are the blending requirements?

A
  • Min 50% Baga
  • May be supported with:
  • -Touriga Nacional
  • -Camarate
  • -Castelão
  • -Jaen
  • -Alfrocheiro
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62
Q

What white grapes are used in the Bairrada DOP?

A
  • Maria Gomes (AKA Fernão Pires)

- Arinto

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63
Q

What is the difference between Cercial and Sercial?

A
  • Cercial is used for white wines in Dão, Douro, and Bairrada
  • Sercial is a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira, aka Esgana Cão
  • The two grapes are genetically distinct
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64
Q

What grapes are used for Colares reds and whites?

A 
Reds:
-'Chão de Areia'- min 80% Ramisco
-'Chão Rija'- min 80% Castelão
White:
-Min 80% Malvasia
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65
Q

Who originally bottled the ‘perequita’ wine?

A

J.M. da Fonseca

  • It was Castelão intended to be the ‘Perequita’ brand
  • Other producers began bottling Castelão under Perequita as a synonym for the grape
  • J.M. da Fonseca successfully contested in court
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66
Q

What % of acreage dies Touriga Nacional account for in Portugal? Where did it originate?

A
  • 10%

- Dão

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67
Q

What volcanic islands are located 1,000 miles off the coast of Portugal?

A

Açores Islands

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68
Q

Who manages the appellation and regulations for Port today?

A

Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)

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69
Q

The Terras Madeirenses IGP covers what two inhabited isles of the Madeira archipelago?

A

Madeira and Porto Santo

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70
Q

What DOP of Madeira is for unfortified wines? What colors are permitted?

A

Madeirense DOP

Red, white, rosado

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71
Q

What is Vinhos ao Roda?

A

Madeira that had undergone the ‘torna viagem’ (round trip)

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72
Q

What does ‘reserva’ mean on still or sparkling wine labels in Portugal?

A

Still- indicates at least .5% ABV higher than the legal min established by the DOP or IGP (stricter DOP reqs may apply)
Sparkling- 12 m on lees prior to disgorgement

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73
Q

What does ‘Colheita Seleccionada’ mean on a Portuguese wine label?

A

It indicates a 1% higher ABV than established by the regional appellation.

74
Q

What is the Portuguese term for varietal?

A

Casta

75
Q

What is the most widely cultivated red grape in Portugal? Where did it originate?

A
  • Castelão

- Tejo

76
Q

What are the important red varieties of Trás-os-Montes?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Bastardo
  • Touriga Fracesa
  • Trincadeira
77
Q

What are the min ABVs for Douro DOP wines?

A
  • White/Rosado- 10.5%
  • Red- 11%
  • Moscatel do Douro- 16.5%
78
Q

What is the most important white grape of Alentejano?

A

Antão Vaz

79
Q

What is Alfrocheiro?

A

A promising red grape, planted primarily in the Dão and Alentejano

80
Q

What grapes are used for Carcavelos DOP reds?

A

Min 75% combined Castelão & Preto Martinho

81
Q

What grape is used for Moscatel do Douro?

A

Moscatel Galego (Muscat à Petits Grains)

82
Q

What region of Portugal has in grafted Ramisco? What is the name of the soil here?

A
  • Colares
  • Sandy soils protected against phylloxera
  • ‘Chão de Areia’
83
Q

What is Fernão Pires? What is it also known as? Where are the plantings concentrated?

A
  • White casta
  • Aka Maria Gomes in Bairrada
  • Found throughout Portugal, concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of the Tejo
84
Q

What styles and from what grapes are the wines of Setúbal DOP?

A
  • Licoroso Branco- min 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria)
  • Licoroso Tinto- min 67% Moscatel Galego Roxo
85
Q

What are the important white varieties of Trás-os-Montes?

A
  • Fernão Pires
  • Síria
  • Viosinho
  • Gouveio
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Rabigato
86
Q

What is the Terras do Sado now know as?

A

Península de Setúbal

87
Q

As of 2011, how many IGPs are in Portugal? What are they?

A

14

  • Minho
  • Transmontano
  • Terras do Dão
  • Terras do Cister
  • Terras do Beira
  • Beria Atlântico
  • Tejo
  • Alentejano
  • Península de Setúbal
  • Algarve
  • Terras Madeirenses
  • Açores Islands
88
Q

What are ‘Bon bons’?

A

Glass demijohns used to age port

89
Q

What color wines are mostly produced in Alentejo DOP? From what grapes?

A
  • Reds exceed whites

- Trincadeira

90
Q

What is Trousseau known as in Portugal?

A

Bastardo

91
Q

What are the 8 sub-zones of Alentejo DOP?

A
  • Moura
  • Granja-Amareleja
  • Évora
  • Vidigueira
  • Reguengos
  • Redondo
  • Borba
  • Portalegre
92
Q

What region of Portugal has widespread Quercus Suber trees?

A

Alentejo

93
Q

What DOP and IGP share the exact same boundaries in the northwest of Portugal?

A
  • Minho IGP

- Vinho Verde DOP

94
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Pico DOP of Azores? What are the requirements?

A
  • Fortified whites
  • Min 16% ABV after fortification
  • Min 3 yr in barrel
  • Grapes: Verdelho, Arinto, Terrantez
95
Q

What is Trincadeira also know as?

A

Tinta Amarela

96
Q

What are the 4 DOPs of Algarve?

A
  • Lagos
  • Portimão
  • Lagoa
  • Tavira
97
Q

What industry dominates Algarve?

A

Resort tourism

98
Q

What is ‘Vinhos Canteiro’?

A

Madeira that was matured on the island

99
Q

What are the 7 sub regions of the Dão?

A
  • Sierra de Estrela
  • Alva
  • Besteiros
  • Castendo
  • Silgueiros
  • Terras de Azurara
  • Terras de Senhorim
100
Q

What styles of wine are produced in the Dão?

A
  • Red, white, rosado, ‘novo’ tino (nouveau), espumante

- Red accounts for 3/4

101
Q

What is the max % of experimental grapes that can be used in a blend in the Dão?

A

40% of the blend

102
Q

What is the synonym for Sercial?

A

Esgana Cão (the dog strangler)

103
Q

What grapes may be used for ‘Bairrada Classico’? What is the min ABV?

A
  • Baga, Alfrocheiro, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, & Touriga Nacional
  • Min 12.5% ABV
104
Q

What are the 9 DOPs of Lisboa?

A
  • Bucelas
  • Colares
  • Carcavelos
  • Arruda
  • Torres Vedras
  • Alenquer
  • Óbidos
  • Lourinhã
  • Encostas de Aire
105
Q

How do the whites and reds from Vinho Verde become pétillant?

A
  • Whites- generally a carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling
  • Reds- from a malo-fermentation in the bottle
106
Q

What was the only Portuguese region spared from phylloxera?

A

Colares

107
Q

What are the recommended red grapes for the Dão?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Jaen
  • Touriga Franca
  • Alfrocheiro
  • Aragonez
  • Bastardo
  • Rufete
  • Trincadeira
  • Tinta Cão
108
Q

What are the subregions of Vinho Verde?

A

(North to south)

  • Monçao e Melgaço
  • Lima
  • Cávado
  • Basto
  • Ave
  • Sousa
  • Amarante
  • Baião
  • Paiva
109
Q

What region contains the Douro Valley?

A

Duriense

110
Q

What was Portugal’s first demarcated region?

A

Douro DOP

Was also one of the first recognized in Europe and is also a UNESCO Heritage Site

111
Q

What is the southernmost IGP of Portugal?

A

Algarve

112
Q

What variety is highly regarded by the producers of Vinho Verde?

A

Alvarinho

113
Q

Who pioneered the style of dry Dourp table wines?

A

Ferreira- in 1952, with the launch of Barca Velha

114
Q

What port houses are making good table wines?

A
  • Niepoort
  • Quinta do Crasto
  • Ramos Pinto
115
Q

What is required for Licoroso wines of Setúbal to be labeled by variety?

A

Min 85% of stated grape

116
Q

What is the most promising subzone of Alentejo DOP?

A

Portalegre

117
Q

What region were Douro and Porto part of prior to the creation if the Duriense IGP?

A

Transmontano

118
Q

Can Moscatel do Douro carry an age designation in the manner of Tawny Port?

A

Yes

119
Q

What is the Madeira regulatory body?

A

IVBAM

120
Q

What was Do Tejo DOP formerly known as?

A

Ribatejo

121
Q

What grapes are used for Carcaveloa DOP whites?

A

Blends of Arinto, Galego Dourado, and Ratinho

122
Q

What red grapes are grown in Vinho Verde?

A
  • Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
  • Espadeiro
  • Borraçal
  • Alvarelhão
123
Q

How does Portugal rank globally in production and consumption?

A

Production - 11th

Consumption - 7th per capita

124
Q

Who founded the Kopke Port house? When?

A
  • Christian Kopke (a German)

- 1638 (4 decades before the first shipment to England)

125
Q

What 3 English Port houses were established by 1700?

A
  • Warre & Co
  • Croft
  • Taylor’s
126
Q

What is the Península de Setúbal IGP formerly known as?

A

Terras do Sado

127
Q

What white grape produces noble white wines in the Dão?

A

Encruzado

128
Q

What is Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro?

A

Duoro Wine Company

129
Q

What is important about Quinta do Vale Meãd?

A
  • A 270ha Douro Superior estate- formerly the primary source of Barca Velha (the first table wine of the Douro)
  • Has established itself as one the the regions young cult stars
130
Q

What are the recommended white grapes for the Dão?

A
  • Encruzado
  • Bical
  • Cercial
  • A number of other grapes are authorized, but not ‘recommended’
131
Q

How long must Moscatel do Douro be aged?

A

18 m

132
Q

What grapes dominate Algarve’s production?

A
  • Red- Castelão, Tinta Negra Mole

- White- Arinto, Síria

133
Q

What is required for Douro wines to be labeled as ‘Grande Reserva’?

A

The must meet the ‘reserva’ criteria and they must score exceptionally well when being certified in the mandatory IVDP blind tasting

134
Q

What Geisenhein crossing produces small amounts of wine on Madeira?

A

Arnsburger

135
Q

What is the proffered soil type in the Douro?

A

Schist

136
Q

What are the 3 sub-zones of the Douro?

A
  • Baixo Corgo
  • Cima Corgo
  • Douro Superior
137
Q

What 4 new IGPs were established in 2011 for Beiras?

A
  • Terras do Dão
  • Terras de Cister
  • Terras da Beira
  • Beria Atlântico
138
Q

What DOP of Terras de Cister IGP is a center for sparkling wine production?

A

Távora-Varosa DOP

139
Q

What is the harder soul type further inland in the Colares DOP? What is grown there?

A
  • Chão Rija

- Castelão

140
Q

How long are the wines if Setúbal usually macerated?

A

Up to 6 months, following fermentation and fortification.

141
Q

Where is the Beria Interior DOP located? What are it’s 3 sub-zones?

A

Terras da Beira IGP

  • Beira Castelo Rodrigo
  • Cova da Beria
  • Pinhel
142
Q

When and who discovered the Madeira archipelago?

A

At Prince Henry the Navigator’s instigation, Portuguese sailors explored the African Coast and discovered the Madeira archipelago in 1419, nearly 625 miles from the mainland

143
Q

What did the English nickname port?

A

Blackstrap

144
Q

When did powdery and downy mildew strike Portugal? When did Phylloxera enter the Douro?

A

1850s; 1867 (Colares, near Lisboa, was spared from the root louse)

145
Q

What was DOC renamed to retain eligibility for protection in the EU?

A

DOP (Demoninacao de Origem Protegia)

146
Q

What is a casta?

A

A grape varietal

147
Q

What are the dominate soils of Portugal?

A

Shallow granitic soils

148
Q

Where is Transmontano IGP?

A

East of Minho IGP

149
Q

Where is Tras-os-Montes DOP?

A

In Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal.

150
Q

Where is Chaves?

A

It is a sub-region of Tras-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal

151
Q

Where is Valpacos?

A

It is a sub-region of Tras-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal

152
Q

Where is Planalto Mirandes?

A

It is a sub-region of Tras-os-Montes DOP in Transmontano IGP in northeastern Portugal

153
Q

Where is Douro DOP?

A

In the Duriense IGP

154
Q

Where is Porto DOP?

A

In the Duriense IGP

155
Q

What two mountains run through the Douro DOP?

A

Marao and Montemuro - the act as barriers to the humid Atlantic wines and the Douro becomes progressively drier toward the Spanish boarder

156
Q

Where is the Dao DOP?

A

In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

157
Q

Where is Lafoes DOP?

A

In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

158
Q

Where is Serra da Estrela?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

159
Q

Where is Besteiros?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

160
Q

Where is Castendo?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

161
Q

Where is Silgueiros?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

162
Q

Where is Terras de Azurara?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

163
Q

Where s Terras de Sehorim?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

164
Q

Where is Alva?

A

It is a subzone of the Dao DOP In Terras do Dao IGP, Beiras, Portugal

165
Q

What is the climate of the Dao DOP?

A

The region is hot and dry in the growing season but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months

166
Q

What is the principal soil of the Dao DOP?

A

Granitic

167
Q

What is the climate of Bairrada DOP?

A

Milder, rainier climate

168
Q

What are the main soils of Bairrada DOP?

A

Lime-rich clay, Barros (clay), sand

169
Q

What IGP of Portugal releases the most wine by volume?

A

Lisboa IGP

170
Q

What is the climate of the Peninsula de Setubal IGP?

A

Mediterranean

171
Q

What river runs through the Tejo IGP?

A

Tagus or Tejo RIver

172
Q

Where is DoTejo DOP?

A

Tejo IGP

173
Q

Where is Alentejo DOP?

A

Alentejano IGP

174
Q

Where is Lagos DOP?

A

In the Algarve IGP

175
Q

Where is Lagoa DOP?

A

In the Algarve IGP

176
Q

Where is Portimao DOP?

A

In the Algarve IGP

177
Q

Where is Tavira DOP?

A

In the Algarve IGP

178
Q

Where is Pico DOP?

A

On the island IGP of Acores

179
Q

Where is Graciosa DOP?

A

On the island IGP of Acores

180
Q

Where is Biscoitos DOP?

A

On the island IGP of Acores

181
Q

Where is Madeira DOP?

A

Terra Madeirenses IGP

182
Q

Where is Madeirense DOP?

A

Terra Madeirenses IGP

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