Sources, Structures And Properties Of Drug Substances Flashcards
What source is morphine from?
Opium poppy
What source is quinine from (antimalarial)?
Cinchona bark
What source is digoxin from (heart failure)?
Foxglove plant
What is bioprospecting?
Process of collecting and screening plant material for commercial purposes.
What source did benzyl penicillin come from?
Penicillium chrysogenum
What is ciclosporin and what source did it come from?
Immunosuppressant from a microorganism
What is captopril and what source did it come from?
Anti hypertensive from Brazilian pit viper (snake)
What is semi-synthesis?
Chemical manipulation of a natural product in the lab with aim to improve human activity.
What is serendipity?
Chance observations and findings
Example- isoniazid used in tuberculosis improved mood- iproniazid was then synthesised as an MAO inhibitor
How are lead compounds screened?
In vivo test-animals
In vitro test- cells, receptors (outside body)
What are advantages of using naturally sourced compounds as lead compounds?
*many natural compounds have novel structures that haven’t been synthesised before
*many natural compounds are complex in nature with rigid structure- compound locked in active conformation- high potency and selectivity for target
What are disadvantages of using compounds from natural sources as lead compounds?
*many only be present in small quantities- restricted availability
*isolation and purifying natural compounds is slow, tedious and costly
*complexity of natural compounds can make synthesis impractical on a commercial basis
Name an anti cancer drug and that natural source that it came from.
Vincristine- from periwinkle
