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Medicinal Substances > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors of CVD?

A

*hypertension
*diabetes
*obesity
*smoking
*lack of exercise

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2
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

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3
Q

What is angina?

A

Pain in chest when not enough OXYGEN rich blood reaches muscle cells of heart
Most common cause- Coronary artery disease- caused by atherosclerosis (plaque build up in walls of blood vessels)- narrows arteries

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4
Q

What is cardiac arrhythmia?

A

Heart rhythm problems- issue with electrical impulses- heart beats too fast or slow

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5
Q

What two types of adrenoreceptors are there?

A

*alpha- A1 and A2- generally contract smooth muscle
*beta- B1, B2, B3

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6
Q

What does activating B2 receptors do?

A

Relaxes smooth muscle- predominate in airways

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7
Q

What does activating B1 receptors do?

A

Contracts cardiac muscle- predominate in heart

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8
Q

What is the basic MOA of beta blockers?

A

*prevent catecholamines (noradrenaline and adrenaline) binding to beta adrenoreceptor active sites
*slow heart rate (slow SA- node) and blood pressure

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9
Q

What makes a first generation beta blocker?

A

The N alkyl group with no subs

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10
Q

Are first generations suitable for asthmatic patients?

A

No- not B1 selective. Will cause smooth muscle in airways to constrict

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11
Q

What makes a second generation beta blocker?

A

Amide group para on benzene ring. Creates extra H bonding

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12
Q

What two beta blockers cause CNS effects and why?

A

Propranolol and carvedilol. Lipophilic, cross BBB

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13
Q

What makes a third generation beta blocker?

A

Extended N alkyl group- extra H bonding
Also block a receptors, causes extra vasodilation- due to NO release.

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14
Q

Which generation is least likely to cause bradycardia? (<60 bpm)

A

First gen

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15
Q

What are calcium ion channel blockers used for?

A

Hypertension- high bp
Angina

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16
Q

What are the three main structural classes of calcium ion channel blockers?

A

*dihydropyridines
*phenylalkylamines
*benzothiazepines

17
Q

Binding sites on calcium channel receptors are said to be allosterically linked. What does this mean?

A

A drug binding to one binding site influences the ability of another drug to another site
*phenylalkylamines inhibit other two binding
*benzothiapine or dihydropyridines inhibit phenylalkylamines binding
*benzothiazepines promote dihydropyridine binding

18
Q

What are examples of dihydropyridines?

A

*amlodipine
*felodipine
*lercandipine
*nircandipine

19
Q

What is an example of a phenylalkylamine?

A

Verapamil

20
Q

What is the only example of benzothiazepines prescribed in NI?

A

Diltiazem
For angina if unable to tolerate beta blockers

21
Q

What are side effects of calcium ion channel blockers?

A

*constipation
*dizziness
*swelling in peripheral (oedema)- lymphatic system relies on smooth muscle contraction

Medicinal Substances (19 decks)

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