Sources: Role of Richard DoY

Question 1

Birth and death

Answer 1

b. 1411

d. 1460

Question 2

Role of the truce of Tours in antagonization

Answer 2

• Negotiated behind Richard’s backs

- Gloucester had no role ( He was then arrested and died Fed 1447)

Question 3

Antagonization by Somerset/ Henry (War with France)

Answer 3

• He headed up the pro-war faction against the Beaufort’s in 1447
• Led to his appointment as Lieutenant of Ireland in July 1447 as a form of banishment
• Dec 1446- Richard was replaced by Somerset as lieutenant in France
• York captured Roeun but Somerset gave it up without a fight
• 1443 Henry VI appointed John Beaufort to lead the expedition to relieve Gascony
• Achieved nothing. Start of feud

Question 4

Dartford

Answer 4

York aimed to be recognised as heir apparent and destroy somerset

• 1452
• He marched from Ludlow to London but found the gates barred against him on Henry’s orders
• He was forced into an agreement with Henry
• Summer of 1453, the power struggle appeared to be over as York was stripped of his power and titles but was reignited with the illness of Henry

Question 5

March on London in 1450

Answer 5

• Landed at Beaumaris on 7th September 1450
• Arrived in London 27th September with 3000 men
• Demanded better government and prosecution of traitors who had lost Northern France and recognition of his place as heir presumptive
• King accepted demands and admitted York to the council
• Somehow Somerset is released from the tower and appointed captain of Calais in April 1451
• This was following his banishment to Ireland so had gained the support of Irish rebels

Question 6

Evidence of his displays of loyalty to Henry VI

Answer 6

• cade’s revolt- Demands against evil councillors, not Henry
• Did not sieze throne during Henry’s illness
• Margaret had considered Richard as the greatest threat to her sons inheritance
• Swore allegiance following Dartford
• Swears fealty to Henry after 1st St Albans

Question 7

Finance and debt

Answer 7

• York owed £38,000 from the crown by 1449

Question 8

Outbreak in 1459

Answer 8

• Battle of Blore Heath on 23rd September 1459
• York’s ally Salisbury was ambushed but still a victory for the Yorkists
• York, Nevilles did not appear at Great Council in Coventry out of fear

Question 9

Jack Cade’s revolt

Answer 9

• Arguably driven by York
• cade went under the alias John Mortimer
• Rebel demands = ‘the complaint of the poor commons of Kent’
• Greater political equality
• York to be installed on the King’s council
• Inquiry into the defeat in France
• Justice for the murder of Gloucester
• Financial efficiency
• v. similar to Richard’s demands in 1452
• No mention of deposing Henry

Question 10

Henry’s illness

Answer 10

• York appointed protector in March 1454

- He commissioned Somerset to the tower and had the support of the Neville’s

Question 11

Battle of St Albans 1455

Answer 11

• 22 May 1455
• York and Warwick intercept Henry and Somerset. Therefore, York’s initiate conflict
• 50-200 killed
• Henry struck by an arrow
• York then made himself constable of England
• Appointed Warwick as captain of Calais

Question 12

Death of Suffolk

Answer 12

• Suffolk arrested for treason Jan 1450
• Suffolk accused of being in correspondence with the French
• Henry VI exiled him instead
• Intercepted by ship ‘Nicholas of the Tower’. Owned by Duke of Exeter a close ally of York and he was brutally executed
• Fear of reprisals and general discontent led to Cade’s revolt