EP: Why did Warwick rebel Flashcards
1
Q
Introduction
A
Introduction:
- Outbreak in July 1469
Pollard: “mightiest of overmighty subjects”- He had received huge patronage
- Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, a.k.a “The Kingmaker”
- Ross blames Warwick
- Gillingham blames Edward
He aligned himself with Margaret of Anjou,and Louis XI of France to put Henry VI on the throne in October 1470
Most important factor was Edward’s independence and recklessness
2
Q
3 paragraphs for Why did Warwick rebel in 1469
A
- Edward’s independence, personality and recklessness (1)
- Warwick’s ambition (2)
- Disagreements over foreign policy (3)
3
Q
All of Edward’s independence, personality and recklessness
A
- Marriage to Elizabeth Woodville in 1464- She possessed no lands or diplomatic advantages illustrating Edward’s reckless nature
- Edward married Elizabeth Woodville in secret on 1st May 1464 but only admits it to the council at Reading on 14th September 1464
- Ross- “it was an impulsive love match of an impetuous young man”
- Warwick had been concluding a marriage treaty for Edward with the French Bona of Savoy- Antagonised and felt humiliated as he was not informed
- Policy of conciliation to every Lancastrian- If they submitted to the crown they would be pardoned and have their lands resorted. Percy and Somerset submitted but then rebelled anyway- Policy largely fails
- Promotion of ‘New Yorkists’- Creates a new faction at court- He gives Richard Woodville the title of Earl Rivers and appoints him Treasurer of England in 1466 and Constable of England in 1467. Lord Hastings also appointed as Master of the Mint
- Publicly stripped George Neville (Richard Neville (Warwick’s) brother) of his title as Lord Chancellor For attempting to marry Isabel Neville to Edward’s son, Clarence
- 1467- He blocked the marriage proposal between Warwick’s daughter (Isabel Neville) and his own son
(Clarence)- Very hypocritical
BUT: He was, as Cook describes, “an infinitely more able King than Henry”
4
Q
All of Warwick’s ambition
A
- Although he held huge power and huge estates (Already held Earldom of Warwick and Salisbury, the Despenser estates and status of Captain of Calais), he was still unhappy
- Given huge patronage by Edward following Towton in March 1461
- Ross: “Warwick continued to bask in the golden sun of royal patronage”
- Still disputed titles with the ‘New Yorkists’ such as Herbert over the Despenser lands and Earl Rivers who he executed at the Battle of Edgecote Moor in 1469, depicting Warwick’s insatiable nature
- Also instigated 3-4 rebellions between 1469 and 1471, inc. the rebellion of Robin of Redesdale
- Against the King’s orders, he forces the marriage between his daughter, Isabel, and Clarence
BUT: Edward had married the Woodville’s to the majority of eligible nobility, so Warwick had limited options - Edward may have granted Warwick numerous estates, but still stripped his brother and uncle of their titles
- Edward forced Warwick’s hand
- Thus although a prominent reason, Warwick’s ambition is subsidiary to Edward’s recklessness as he neglected and humiliated his primary ally
5
Q
All of Disagreements over foreign policy
A
- Subsidiary factor
- Bi-Product of the 2 men’s personalities
- Warwick sought a French alliance with King Louis XI (“Spider King”) whilst Edward and the Woodvilles favoured the Burgundians
- Warwick was Captain of Calais and a landowner in France- link to his ambitions
- Alliance with Burgundians already cemented through trade and marriage- Edward still sent Warwick on futile diplomatic missions
- Edward marries his sister Margaret of York to Charles the Bold in 1468
- Edward played France and Burgundy off against one another, sending Warwick on missions to France whilst he negotiated trade with the Burgundians
- Edward’s antagonising of Warwick in this way is recognised by Pollard who perceives Edward to have been “duplicitous and underhand in his dealing with the Earl of Warwick.”
6
Q
Conclusion
A
Conclusion:
- Rebellion caused by a culmination of disagreements dating back to Edward’s marriage to Elizabeth Woodville in 1464
- Edward’s promotion of ‘New Yorkists’ and disregard of Warwick and the Nevilles prompted Warwick to rebel
- Thus as a result of Edward’s intendence to rule autonomously and failure to heed and respect the powerful Warwick, ultimately led to confrontation between the two and consequently rebellion.
7
Q
Which historians blame who
A
- Ross blames Warwick
- Gillingham blames Edward
8
Q
Promotion of New Yorkists
A
- Promotion of ‘New Yorkists’- Creates a new faction at court- He gives Richard Woodville the title of Earl Rivers and appoints him Treasurer of England in 1466 and Constable of England in 1467. Lord Hastings also appointed as Master of the Mint
9
Q
Marriage to Elizabeth Woodville
A
- Marriage to Elizabeth Woodville in 1464- She possessed no lands or diplomatic advantages illustrating Edward’s reckless nature
- Ross- “it was an impulsive love match of an impetuous young man”
- Warwick had been concluding a marriage treaty for Edward with the French Bona of Savoy- Antagonised and felt humiliated as he was not informed
10
Q
Policy of Conciliation
A
- Policy of conciliation to every Lancastrian- If they submitted to the crown they would be pardoned and have their lands resorted. Percy and Somerset submitted but then rebelled anyway- Policy largely fails
11
Q
Warwick’s estates
A
- Although he held huge power and huge estates (Already held Earldom of Warwick and Salisbury, the Despenser estates and status of Captain of Calais), he was still unhappy
- Given huge patronage by Edward following Towton in March 1461
- Ross: “Warwick continued to bask in the golden sun of royal patronage”
- Still disputed titles with the ‘New Yorkists’ such as Herbert over the Despenser lands and Earl Rivers who he executed at the Battle of Edgecote Moor in 1469, depicting Warwick’s insatiable nature
12
Q
Rebellions instigated by Warwick
A
- Also instigated 3-4 rebellions between 1469 and 1471, inc. the rebellion of Robin of Redesdale
13
Q
Arguments against Warwick’s ambition
A
BUT: Edward had married the Woodville’s to the majority of eligible nobility, so Warwick had limited options
- Edward may have granted Warwick numerous estates, but still stripped his brother and uncle of their titles
- Edward forced Warwick’s hand
- Thus although a prominent reason, Warwick’s ambition is subsidiary to Edward’s recklessness as he neglected and humiliated his primary ally
14
Q
What is thee reason ‘disagreements over foreign policy’ usually seen as
A
- Bi-Product of the 2 men’s personalities
15
Q
Who did Warwick and Edward each support abroad
A
- Warwick sought a French alliance with King Louis XI (“Spider King”) whilst Edward and the Woodvilles favoured the Burgundians
