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philosophy and ethics > Sources of Wisdom and Authority > Flashcards

Sources of Wisdom and Authority Flashcards

1
Q

What is a quote from Sam Storms about the authority of the Bible?

A

“The inspiration and authority is the bedrock upon which our faith is built. With out it, we are doomed to uncertainty, doubt and a hopeless groping in the darkness of human speculation.”

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2
Q

Why do many Christians only use the Bible to help them make moral decisions?

A

They believe that the Bible is the word of God. This means that the Bible is God’s guidance to humans and so it has authority.

The Bible contains the teachings of Jesus on how to live. Christians believe that he is the Son of God and that they should follow his example.

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3
Q

What are other reasons the Bible has authority?

A

The Bible contains the Ten Commandments/Decalogue which gives Christians very clear moral guidance e.g. do not kill.

The Bible contains letters from the apostles who were guided by the Holy Spirit. They wrote these letters to give guidance to the early Christian churches about how to behave and this advice can also be used in making moral decisions today.

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4
Q

What is are denominations?

A

a religious group that has slightly different beliefs from other groups that share the same religion.

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5
Q

What do Catholics follow and believe?

A

Catholics follow the teachings of Jesus Christ as transmitted through the Old & New Testament via Rome and the Vatican and follow the Catechism. Catholics believe that the Catholic Church is the original and first Christian Church.

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6
Q

What do Protestants follow and believe about the Catholic church?

A

Protestants follow the teachings of Jesus Christ as transmitted through the Old & New Testament. Protestants believe that the Catholic Church stemmed from the original Christian Church, but became corrupt. Men can not add or take away from scripture.

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7
Q

What do Catholic and Protestants have similar?

CLUE= (3)

A

BOTH believe in the Trinity of God. Three persons in one God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

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8
Q

What do Catholics and Protestants have similar?

CLUE=(Adam)

A

BOTH believe that sin came into the world, through Adam.

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9
Q

What do Catholics and Protestants have similar?

CLUE=(Son)

A

BOTH believe that Jesus is the Son of God - The Word was made Flesh and dwelt among us.

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10
Q

What do Catholics and Protestants have similar?

CLUE=(death)

A

BOTH believe in the death of Jesus by Crucifixion and his role as a saviour.

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11
Q

What do Catholics and Protestants both use?

A

BOTH Catholicism and Protestantism use the Holy Bible, a collection of canonical books in two parts (the Old Testament and the New Testament).

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12
Q

What do only Catholics believe in when it comes to authority?

A

Magisterium

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13
Q

What do Catholics believe about Baptism and sin?

A

Original sin is forgiven at baptism

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14
Q

Catholics believe grace is administered through…

A

the sacraments

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15
Q

What do Catholics believe about Priests?

A

Priests are used by God as His instrument for the forgiveness of sins in three sacraments:
Confession, Anointing and Baptism.

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16
Q

What do protestants believe in?

A

Sola Scriptura

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17
Q

What do protestants believe about Baptism?

A

All sins are wiped out during Baptism.

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18
Q

What do Protestants believe about Grace?

A

Grace is given freely.

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19
Q

What do Protestants believe about Ministers?

A

Ministers are used by God as His instruments in the forgiveness of sins through Baptism which they administer.

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20
Q

What does Dr. Horrell say about the main difference of Catholics and Protestants?

A

“The issue ofSola Scriptura…versus ‘Scripture plus tradition’ is perhaps the fundamental difference between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism…(what) you’re talking about it’s a hermeneutic, a way of doing theology.”

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21
Q

What does the Catechism state about the Church and Scripture?

A

“Both Scripture and tradition must be accepted and honoured with equal sentiments of devotion and reverence.”

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22
Q

What do Protestants say about Communion?

A

Symbol of Christ’s sacrifice on the cross.

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23
Q

What do protestants believe about the Pope?

A

No Pope. They believe he’s not needed as the Bible doesn’t need anything added.

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24
Q

What do Protestants say about Mary?

A

Considered honourable and blessed woman, deny assumption and mediatrix office of Mary.

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25
Q

What do Protestants believe about Purgatory?

A

Denies existence

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26
Q

What do Protestants say about saints?

A

All who are Christians are called saints.

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27
Q

What do protestants say about Sacraments?

A

Visible Manifestation of God’s work through Baptism and communion.

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28
Q

What do protestants say about Salvation?

A

By grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone

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29
Q

What do Catholics say about Communion?

A

TRANSUBSTANTIATION

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30
Q

What do Catholics say about leadership?

A

Pope is final human authority.

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31
Q

What do Catholics say about Mary?

A

Mary is highly exalted. Assumption of Mary (CCC 966); “Advocate, Helper, Mediatrix”(CCC 969); Queen over all things (CCC 966); “All holy one” (CCC 2677)

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32
Q

What do Catholics say about Purgatory?

A

Purgatory is a place of purification after a person dies where he achieves holiness so as to enter into the joy of heaven (CCC 1030)

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33
Q

What do Catholics say about Saints?

A

Saints are special individual who do not have to pass through purgatory and have been declared by the Roman Catholic Church to be holy.

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34
Q

What do Catholics say about Sacraments?

A

A means of grace and its infusion into the Catholic Church. The RC seven sacraments consist of Baptism, Confirmation, Communion, Confession, Marriage, Holy Orders, Anointing of the Sick.

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35
Q

What do Catholics believe about salvation?

A

You receive salvation through baptism, keeping commandments (CCC 2068) and penance.

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36
Q

What does Millan Burrows say about the reliability of the scriptures?

A

One the whole… archaeological work has unquestionably strengthened confidence in the reliability of the scriptural record. More than one archaeologist has found his respect for the Bible increased by the experience of excavation in Palestine. Archaeology has in many cases refuted the view of modern critics.

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37
Q

What is Fundamentalism?

A

The belief that the Bible is word-for-word the Word of God.

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38
Q

What is Liberalism?

A

The belief that the writers of the Bible were guided as they wrote their books.

39
Q

What is the Hebrew word for spirit?

A

Ru’ach, which is also translated to “breath”

40
Q

What is inspiration?

A

(Genesis 2:7) When God breathed into Adam and gave him life, God’s own Spirit was shared with human beings. God sends his Spirit to guide people. This is called inspiration. The term can be used to refer to the guidance that God gave to the writers of the Bible.

41
Q

What do fundamentalists say?

A

Apply the laws and principles of the Bible as rigorously as they can, and believe that the Holy Spirit has preserved the Bible from any error.

42
Q

What do liberalists say?

A

The Bible contains an accurate account of principles and ideas, but is not generally historically accurate.

43
Q

What does it say in Dei Verbum 11?

A

“Since everything asserted by the inspired authors or sacred writers must be held to be asserted by the Holy Spirit, it follows that the books of Scripture must be acknowledged as teaching solidly, faithfully and without error that truth which God wanted put into sacred writings for the sake of salvation.”

44
Q

what are Synoptic Gospels?

A

Synoptic = “seeing together”

The first three Gospels, Matthew, Mark and Luke share more with each other in terms of material and arrangement of the material than they share with the Gospel of John. This is why they have been given the name “Synoptic Gospels”

45
Q

What is a quote from CS Lewis about the Bible?

A

It is Christ Himself, not the Bible, who is the true word of God. The Bible, read in the right spirit and with guidance of good teachers, will bring us to Him. We must not use the Bible as a sort of encyclopedia out of which texts can be taken for use as weapons.”

46
Q

What do Catholics believe about the Church?

A

The church has authority and the right to explain what the Bible means and what Christians should do about moral issues.

47
Q

Why do Catholics believe The Church has authority?

A

The Church is the Body of Christ.

God speaks to the world today through the Church.

If people follow the guidance of the Church, They can be sure they are doing the right things.

Gives guidance on Christian life.

For Catholics, the authority of the Church comes from the Magesterium.

48
Q

What do Catholics believe is the way Jesus carries on his work?

A

Catholics believe that the Church is the Body of Christ on Earth because the Church carries on the work of Jesus on Earth, and is one body even though it has different parts.

49
Q

What is a quote that shows we are the body?

A

“Now you are the Body of Christ and each one of you is a part of it.” (1 Corinthians 12:27)

50
Q

What is the Magisterium?

A

The Pope and bishops interpreting the Bible and tradition for Roman Catholics today.

51
Q

What is the meaning of Apostolic?

A

The belief that the Church can only be understood in the light of the apostles.

52
Q

What is Apostolic succession?

A

The apostles were taught by Jesus—> passed on to the Church (unbroken)

53
Q

How is true faith found?

A

Pope and bishops —> Teach true faith—> Done through the Magisterium—> TRUE FAITH FOUND

54
Q

Why is the Church the means to faith for Catholics?

A

because the Church has kept the faith of the Apostles and teaches it through worship and the sacraments. It is important to know the true faith and to be guided into it by the teaching and support of the Church.

55
Q

Why is the Church the way to Salvation for Catholics?

A

The Church is the way to salvation because the faith it teaches and the sacraments given by the Church bring forgiveness and then salvation from sin and death.

56
Q

What is the only way that people can have eternal life with God?

A

Salvation - Without salvation, a person’s sins stop them from having close contact with God.

57
Q

How is salvation received for Catholics?

A

Salvation is a continual process through the sacraments, so it gives Catholics a chance to get back on the right path.

58
Q

What does the protestant believe when it comes to the Church’s authority?

A

Within the Protestant Churches, the Church leads and guides and has authority on Church organisation; however, the Bible is the only true source of authority and salvation.

59
Q

What is Sola Fide?

A

also known asjustification by faith alone, distinguishes mostProtestant denominationsfrom theCatholic Church. It assertsGod’spardon for guiltysinnersis granted to and received through faith alone.

60
Q

What do Protestants say about understanding and interpreting the Bible?

A

The Bible can be understood by anyone if they have faith, and is the only authority, so the Church does not have the authority to interpret the Bible for Christians.

61
Q

What do Protestants say about the members of the Church?

A

Everyone is of equal value, therefore only decisions agreed to by all the members of the Church can have authority. For this reason, Protestant Churches are ruled democratically and vote on issues.

62
Q

What do Protestants say about the Church’s guidance?

A

Any Church guidance is not a command, and so can be interpreted by members using their understanding of the Bible.

63
Q

Where does salvation come from according to protestants?

A

The church has authority to decide on Church organisation, but salvation comes through the Bible alone.

64
Q

Why do people set up new Churches?

A

If salvation depends on what people think the Bible means, those who disagree will set up new Churches.

E.g. Most believe in baptism and communion but Quakers and the Salvation Army have no sacraments.

65
Q

Here is an easy one!

Who is the Son of God?

A

‘Son of God’ is a title used for Jesus in the New Testament and in the early Church. The name does not only mean that Jesus was related to God – the idea also links to the doctrine of the Christian Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), and the doctrine of incarnation.

66
Q

What is a quote from John about Jesus’ authority?”

A

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God…No one has ever seen God. It is God the only Son,who is close to the Father’s heart, who has made him known.” John 1:1;18.

67
Q

What is a quote from Hebrews about Jesus’ Authority?

A

“But about the Son he says, ‘Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever; a sceptre of justice will be the sceptre of your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has set you above your companions by anointing you with the oilof joy.’” Hebrews 1:8-9.

68
Q

In the New Testament is says Jesus is God’s “Only” Son or “Own” Son. What does this imply?

A

That Jesus is unique and uniquely close to God as shown in the Baptism of Jesus and in the Transfiguration.

69
Q

What is a sign that Jesus is God’s Son and His power in the Bible?

A

He performed Miracles.

70
Q

What is a sign of the Holy Spirit these days?

A

Many Christians believe that miracles still happen today, and are therefore signs of the presence of the Holy Spirit (the third part of the Trinity).

71
Q

How is Jesus’s Certainty vindicated in the future Kingdom of God?

A

By the resurrection

72
Q

What is another reason that The Resurrection important to Christians?

A

The Resurrection also gives Christians hope about their own future after death – it gives them hope that they too will have an afterlife in the Kingdom of God.

73
Q

A quote from John that shows God’s true love for us in his sacrifice:

A

“For God so loved the world he gave His one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.” (John 3:16)

74
Q

The miracles were signposts telling the people to respond and chance their lives and believe, what is a quote to show this?

A

“The miracles I do in my Father’s name speak for me…even though you do not believe me, believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.” (John 10: 25, 38)

75
Q

What is a quote from Galatians that shows a reason Jesus had to be born human being?

A

“But when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under law, to redeem those under law, that we might receive the full rights of sons.” (Galatians 4:4-5)

76
Q

Why was Jesus being human important for his sacrifice?

A

Jesus Christ, the perfect Lamb of God, sacrificed His human life and shed His human blood to cover the sins of all who would ever believe in Him. If He were not human, this would have been impossible.

77
Q

Why was the humanity of Jesus important and helpful to us?

A

The humanity of Jesus enables Him to relate to us in a specific way.Only a human could sympathise with our weaknesses and temptations. In His humanity, Jesus was subjected to all the same kinds of trials that we are, and He is, therefore, able to sympathise with us and to aid us.

78
Q

Jesus is both…

A

Human and Divine

79
Q

One way Jesus is referred to is…

A

Rabbi (Mark 9:5; 11:21) / Teacher

80
Q

Why was Jesus a teacher?

A

He provided guidance and advice on the application of law to moral problems.

81
Q

Why was Jesus referred to as Rabbi?

A

Rabbi was a respected term but it also was used for educated teachers who interpret the law, surrounded by followers.

82
Q

What is a quote from Richard Dawkins about

Jesus being a teacher?

A

“Jesus was a great moral teacher.”

83
Q

What did Gerd Theissen and Annete Mertz say about Jesus as a teacher in The Historical Jesus?

A

“In discussing with other scribes, gathering disciples around him, teaching in a synagogue, worship and answering the theological enquiries of lay people, Jesus, the former disciple of the rabbi John, corresponded to the contemporary notions of a rabbi.”

84
Q

Why is Jesus best understood as a teacher of wisdom?

A

The Message Jesus had for people has carried far beyond the time it originally occurred, as it has a good moral message.

85
Q

What did Jesus use the Sermon on the Mount for?

A

Jesus used his Sermon on the Mount to outline specific teachings he wanted people to practice. His teachings on retaliation and loving your enemies are a focal point in Matthew (Matthew 5:38-48).

86
Q

What is an example of a teaching of Jesus?

A

“You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.’But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also. “

87
Q

What is Jesus’ teaching of loving your enemies?

A

“You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbourand hate your enemy.’But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,that you may be childrenof your Father in heaven.”

88
Q

Why is it important that Jesus is the Son of God and a teacher?

A

As the Son of God, Jesus had a unique relationship with God. He would therefore understand the true message of God and would want to relay it to mankind. He would have the knowledge of scripture and understand the symbolism behind the message.

89
Q

Why was it important that Jesus was a Human and a teacher?

A

Since Jesus was human and could therefore empathise with his followers, Jesus knew the problems people were facing in society. As a result of this, his teachings were relatable.

90
Q

Why was it important Jesus had authority to be a teacher?

A

Only someone with authority and considered a role model could teach such important messages to such large crowds of people.

91
Q

What did James Stuart say about Jesus teaching?

A

“The teaching of Jesus has had a power and an effect with which the influence of no other teacher can even for a moment be compared.”

92
Q

Matthew tells us the crowds were so amazed at his teaching because…

A

“he taught as one having authority, not as the teachers of the law” (Matthew 7:29).

93
Q

what did Martin Luther make?

A

The 5 Solas.

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