SOURCES OF PREJUDICE

Question 1

Attitude and Prejudice - ABC

Answer 1

• affect –> prejudice
• behaviour –> discrimination
• cognition –> stereotypes

Question 2

What are stereotypes?

Answer 2

• beliefs that certain attributes are characteristic of members of particular groups
• can be positive or negative

Question 3

Where do stereotypes come from?

Answer 3

• culture
• the home
• media
• social groups (church, school)

Question 4

Key parts of modern racism

Answer 4

• denial there is continuing discrimination
• resentment about demands made my disadvantaged groups for equal treatment
• resentment about concessions made to disadvantaged groups

Question 5

What is aversive racism?

Answer 5

• individuals state they have egalitarian views and will not be openly discriminatory
• consequences: avoidance of outgroup members, anxiety, overcorrection, subtle discrimination

Question 6

What is institutional/systemic racism?

Answer 6

• differential access to goods, services, opportunities of society by group status
• neighbourhood, income, education - difficult to correct

Question 7

What is hostile sexism?

Answer 7

“most women fail to appreciate all that men do for them”

- overtly negative/harsh

Question 8

What is benevolent sexism?

Answer 8

“a good woman ought to be set on a pedestal by her man”

- demeaning, decrease confidence, encourage subordination

Question 9

3 main causes of stereotypes and prejudice

Answer 9

• economic perspectives
• motivational perspectives
• cognitive perspectives

Question 10

What are economic perspectives?

Answer 10

realistic conflict theory = hostility between groups

Question 11

What are motivational groups?

Answer 11

social identity theory = people favour ingroups over outgroups to enhance own self esteem

Question 12

What are illusory correlations?

Answer 12

• distinctive events capture attention
• more likely to be remembered
• may become overrepresented in memory

Question 13

How do illusory correlations contribute to prejudice?

Answer 13

• minority groups are distinctive because they are infrequent in North America
• people are likely to note negative behaviours by minority behaviours
• reinforce stereotypes that minorities do negative things

Question 14

What are cognitive misers?

Answer 14

anyone who seeks out quick, adequate solutions to problems rather than slow, careful ones

Question 15

What is the “shoving study” - Duncan - 1976

Answer 15

• white person shoves black person = 13% say it was aggressive
• black person shoves white person = 73% say it was aggressive

Question 16

Robber’s Cave Study

Answer 16

• 22 middle class 5th grade boys
• formation of group identity
• competition for resources created stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination
• reduction of intergroup conflict by introducing subordinate goal

Question 17

Key parts of prejudice from childhood/family life

Answer 17

children can retain a habitual/automatic fear/dislike for people whom they now express respect and admiration

Question 18

Key parts of gender based prejudiced

Answer 18

• strong gender stereotypes are often accepted by those they are directed at
• when we violate stereotypes, people react
• in non-Western, gender discrimination is less subtle
• parent hopes for children and not gender neutral

Question 19

Key parts of LGBT prejudice

Answer 19

• anti-gay attitudes are strongest among those who are older, less educated, male, heterosexual men

Question 20

The Authoritarian Personality and Prejudice

Answer 20

• personality that is disposed to favour obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status
• security and control

Question 21

Key parts of religion and prejudice

Answer 21

• many govt leaders invoke religion to sanctify present order
• intrinsically religious are less prejudiced

Question 22

Key parts of conformity and prejudice

Answer 22

• if prejudice is socially accepted –> ppl follow path of least resistance and conform
• more likely to favour/oppose discrimination after hearing someone else do so
• less support of women after hearing sexist humour
• if govt expresses hate –> more hate in general

Question 23

What is social dominance orientation?

Answer 23

• accepts and prefers circumstances that maintain social status inequalities
• concerned with group status

Question 24

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 24

• intolerance for weakness
• punitive attitude
• submissive respect for their group’s authorities