AGGRESSION

Question 1

What is aggression?

Answer 1

physical, verbal, nonverbal behaviour intended to hurt someone (defined by intentions)

Question 2

What is hostile aggression?

Answer 2

hurting someone else because we are angry

Question 3

What is instrumental aggression?

Answer 3

hurting someone else to achieve some other purpose

Question 4

What is relational aggression?

Answer 4

aggression that harms someone else through the manipulation of friendships

Question 5

Nature of aggression

Answer 5

• evolutionary instincts
• genes
• testosterone

Question 6

Nurture of aggression

Answer 6

• social learning theory

- culture of honour

Question 7

What is behaviourism?

Answer 7

learning how to behave by behaving and experiencing consequences

Question 8

Social learning theory / observational learning

Answer 8

learning how to behave by observing others behave and seeing the consequences of their behaviour

Question 9

Key parts of culture of honour

Answer 9

• southwestern
• herding culture
• little law enforcement
• strong concern for reputation
• insults deserve retaliation
• willing to use violence to avenge
• high murder rates

Question 10

What is displacement?

Answer 10

when we aggress against something similar to what blocked our goal

Question 11

Frustration aggression theory

Answer 11

• best determinant of aggression is frustration

- we will aggress when our goals are blocked

Question 12

Relative deprivation theory

Answer 12

• perception that individuals/social group have less than they deserve is associated with aggresstion
• example = more income inequality –> more homicides per million

Question 13

Key parts of heat and aggression

Answer 13

• makes us uncomfortable and cranky
• increased misattribution of arousal
• environmental irritant

Question 14

Key parts of alcohol and aggression

Answer 14

• reduces anxiety and inhibitions against aggression

- interferes with info processing that would override aggressive impulses

Question 15

What is alcohol myopia?

Answer 15

• reduce self awareness

- enhance deindividuation

Question 16

What is the weapons effect?

Answer 16

mere presence of weapons is a cue that can cause violence

Question 17

What is the hallway study? COH

Answer 17

• 42 northern and 41 southern asked to carry materials to office down hallway
• confed bumps into them - calls them an asshole
• facial expressions, cortisol and testosterone measured
• southerners described it w/ more violence and had higher levels

Question 18

Berkowitz and Lepage - Weapons effect experiment

Answer 18

• male Ps worked w/ confederate on problems
• evaluate the other by administering shocks
• participants assigned to 1 time (neutral) or 7 times (anger)
• more shocks given when there was a gun

Question 19

Neo-associationistic account of aggression

Answer 19

aversive event –> anger –> aggression

Question 20

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 20

when someone repeatedly experiences goal blocking - they will see no point in going after that goal

Question 21

What is the punching bag study?

Answer 21

• 600 participants write an essay and are graded by confederates
• IV = punch bag OR listen to calming music
• DV = rate how angry you are
• those who used punching bag were angrier and aggressed more against other participants