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Germany > Source Question - Booklet 4 Exam > Flashcards

Source Question - Booklet 4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of family did Adenauer grow up in?

A

A political family - both his parents were civil servants

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2
Q

Who did he marry? What were the benefits of this?

A

Emma Weyer

Gave him an army of social connections

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3
Q

What was Adenauer appointed as in 1917?

A

The mayor of Cologne

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4
Q

What did Adenauer being appointed mayor in 1917 mean?

A

He was the youngest mayor in Prussia

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5
Q

What did Adenauer do to help Cologne during WW1?

A

He organised Cologne’s food supply during the first world war

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6
Q

What was Adenauer’s influence during Weimar years?

A

He became one of the most influential politicians in Germany

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7
Q

What was Adenauer’s impact on Germany during the Weimar years?

A

He developed Cologne into a metropolis of the West

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8
Q

What happened to Adenauer during the Nazi period?

A

He was replaced as the mayor of Cologne and banished

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9
Q

What did Adenauer do after the ban on political activity had been lifted?

A

He focused all his time and energy on the CDU

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10
Q

When did Adenauer become Chairman of the Rhineland CDU?

A

5 February 1946

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11
Q

When did Adenauer become the Federal Chancellor of the CDU group of Germany?

A

September 15 1949

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12
Q

What did the late 1950s and early 1960s mark in terms of relations between East and West Germany?

A

An all time low

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13
Q

When was the Berlin Wall constructed?

A

August 13 1961

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14
Q

How did Adenauer think of himself in terms of nationality?

A

European first, German second

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15
Q

Why did Adenauer focus on developing political relations with France?

A

He wanted Germany and France to have a better relationship, as it had been damaged by the past occupation

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16
Q

How did Adenauer feel about Prussian militarism?

A

Thought it was to blame for the rise of the Nazis

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17
Q

What was Law No.46

A

“The Prussian State which from early days has been a bearer of militarism and reaction in Germany has de facto ceased to exist”

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18
Q

How was Adenauer’s approach different to Weimar’s (2)

A

Had the support of the Catholic Church

Vehemently opposed Communism

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19
Q

What did Adenauer think was the key to the future survival and prosperity of Western Europe?

A

Economic and political cooperation

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20
Q

Why was the CDU popular with the Western occupying powers?

A

Strong economic powers and anti-Communist stance

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21
Q

Who was Ludwig Erhard?

A

Minister for Economics

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22
Q

How did Ludwig Erhard affect the GNP of West Germany

A

The GNP trebled during the 1950s

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23
Q

What was Ludwig Erhard’s economic programme?

A

Germany moved to an advanced economy based on electronics, cars, banking and education through the use of Marshal Aid money

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24
Q

What was Adenauer’s stance on reunification?

A

He was strongly opposed

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25
Q

What percentage of West Germans were Catholics?

A

45%

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26
Q

How many seats did the CDU win compared to the SPD in the first election?
What percentage of the votes was this

A

139 compared to 131

31% compared to 29.2%

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27
Q

Who did the CDU form a coalition with after the first election?

A

The Free Democratic Party and the German Party

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28
Q

When was the first election?

A

14th August 1949

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29
Q

Who become the first President of the FRG

A

Theodore Heuss

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30
Q

How did Schumaker react to Adenauer’s coalition

A

Criticised him for supposedly leading a weak coalition

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31
Q

What did Schumaker think Adenauer’s pro-West policies would lead to

A

Believed Adenauer would become a puppet of the USA

32
Q

What does ECSC stand for

A

The European and Steel Community

33
Q

When was the ECSC signed

A

1951

34
Q

What did the ECSC do?

A

It combined heavy industry in France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxemburg into one common market

35
Q

What does EEC stand for?

A

The European Economic Community

36
Q

When was the EEC signed

A

1957

37
Q

What did the EEC do?

A

Abolished tariffs between member states (thus improved West German exports)

38
Q

What did Adenauer’s social policies in the 1950s help do?

A

Improved home-ownership and access to consumer goods

39
Q

How were real wages affected from 1950-64?

A

Real wages doubled from 1950-64

40
Q

What approach did the CDU take to women?

A

Women were discouraged from entering the work force - the CDU wanted them to focus on family life

41
Q

Why did Adenauer propose the creation of an FRG army?

A

Adenauer feared that East Germany might attempt a similar invasion to North Korea

42
Q

How many people did Adenauer propose be in the FRG army

A

150,000

43
Q

Who did Adenauer face opposition from over the proposition of the FRG army? (3)

A

SPD
Germany’s churches
Trade Unions

44
Q

How can you see that Germans supported the proposition of an FRG army?

A

In the 1953 election the CDU won 45.2% of the votes

45
Q

When did the General Treaty come into force?

A

5th May 1955

46
Q

What was the General Treaty (1955)

A

Handed control of foreign policy to the FRG within NATO

47
Q

What did the FRG having its own army mean?

A

The FRG was crucial in the antii-Communist alliance of Cold War Europe

48
Q

When did West Germany join NATO?

A

1955

49
Q

What the Hallstein Doctrine? (2)

A

A doctrine which stated that no country could gain financial assistance from the FRG if it recognised the GDR.
It would also be considered a hostile act

50
Q

When was the Hallstein Doctrine ended?

A

1972 when Willy Brandt agreed to recognise the GDR

51
Q

What percentage of votes did the CDU win in 1957?

A

50.2%

52
Q

What did the CDU campaign with during the 1957 election?

A

The slogan “No Experiments”

53
Q

Give two reasons for why Adenauer gained more support during the 1957 election?

A

West Germany’s “economic miracle”
He successfully negotiated the release of German prisoners of war from the USSR in 1955, in return for the FRG’s recognition of the USSR

54
Q

How did the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 increase support for Adenaur?

A

Adenauer had the support of the USA and their military

55
Q

How long did Schumaker spend in the Nazi concentration camp

A

10 years

56
Q

What was Schumaker’s legacy after the war as a SPD politician

A

He was the only SPD politician alive who had neither fled nor collaborated with the Nazis

57
Q

What direction did Schumaker want to push the SPD in?

A

A socialist but anti-communist direction

58
Q

What was Schumaker’s stance on reunification

A

He was a nationalist who wanted reunification

59
Q

Why did Schumaker lose popularity with the Catholic Church

A

He argued that Adenauer was a puppet of the Catholic Church

60
Q

What was the SPD’s proposed economy in 1949?

A

A planned economy

61
Q

What was the CDU’s proposed economy in 1949?

A

Free market economy (had been in place since 1945)

62
Q

What key policies of the CDU did the SPD oppose 1949-52

A

Integration with Western and Europe

63
Q

Why did the SPD oppose integration with Western Europe and NATO?

A

Thought it made the reunification less likely

64
Q

When did Schumaker die?

A

20th August 1952

65
Q

Why did the SPD’s political position weaken

A

The SPD’s political position weakened due to their inability to show a clear and coherent opposition

66
Q

How was Ollenhauer as a political opponent?

A

A weaker political opponent

67
Q

How did the SPD under Schumaker and Ollenahauer believe Germany should integrate with the the West?

A

Believed Germany should only integrate after reunification, and even then the integration should be based on socialist values

68
Q

What sort of direction did Willy Brandt give the SPD?

A

A new modern direction

69
Q

What was the Godesburg Programme?

A

A key SPD programme in 1959, which announced a new political direction for the SPD

70
Q

What was the effect of the Godesburg Programme?

A

Took the SPD away from its Marxist roots and fully endorsed the capitalist market economy

71
Q

How did the SPD (under Willy Brandt) feel about NATO and Western Europe

A

Fully supported the FRG’s intergration with Western Europe and membership of NATO

72
Q

How did the SPD’s relationship with the Catholic church change under Willy Brandt

A

The Godesburg Programme meant the party became “a party of the whole people”

73
Q

How did the CDU and SPD’s relationship change under Willy Brandt

A

The SPD asserted it would be willing to work with the CDU in a coalition, if requested

74
Q

How did the SPD’s relationship with the USA change under Willy Brandt

A

The SPD gained the backing of the US under President Kennedy

75
Q

When did the SPD and CDU enter into a coalition government?

A

1966

76
Q

When did Willy Brandt become the Chancellor

A

1969

Germany (4 decks)

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