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Germany > Booklet 3 - A New Reich (Nazis) > Flashcards

Booklet 3 - A New Reich (Nazis) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the 7 April 1933 Law for Restoration of Profession Civil Service

A

Administration, courts, schools and universities purged of “alien elements” (jews, political opponents)

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2
Q

Describe the March 5 1933 Elections (4)

A

Nazi government uses control of radio, police along with unofficial pressure
Highest voter turnout (88.8%)
Nazi slogan: “The battle against Marxism”
Nazis only get 44% of the vote

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3
Q

Describe the July 20th Concordat agreement between state and Vatican (2)

A

Church banned from political activity

Government to protect religious freedom

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4
Q

When was Hitler appointed Chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

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5
Q

When did the Reichstag dissolve?

A

14th October 1933

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6
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire

A

27th February 1933

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7
Q

What was the 28th February 1933 Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the Nation and the State (4)

A

Issued by Hindenburg using Article 48
Suspended constitutional civil rights
Gave secret police power
Repressed KPD

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8
Q

What was the 24th March 1933 Enabling Act

A

Gave emergency powers to government for four years

Hitler could pass decrees without involving the President

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9
Q

What were the limitation to Hitler’s power in the beginning of 1933 (5)

A 
He was the Chancellor of a cross-party cabinet
The cabinet only included 3 Nazis
Hindenburg was powerful
The trade unions had a lot of power
People saw the Nazis as thuggish
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10
Q

Describe the Reichstag Fire

A

Reichstag building was burnt by a Dutch Communist

Many believe it was a Nazi plot

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11
Q

What was the Gleichschaltung?

A

Known as the coordination, it was the degeneration of Weimar’s democracy from March 1933 to August 1934

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12
Q

When did the Kopenick Blood Week take place?

A

Between the 21st and 26th June 1933

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13
Q

What was the Kopenick Blood Week?

A

500 SPD members, and Nazi opponents, were tortured. 23 people died

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14
Q

How did the Kopenick Blood Week affect Nazi rule?

A

June 22, the SPD was dissolved and soon after the Nazis were declared to be the only legal party in Germany

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15
Q

When were the Nazis declared to be the only legal party in Germany?

A

20 June 1933

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16
Q

How did the Nazis destroy the trade unions?

A

All Germany’s workers’ organisations were absorbed into the German Labour Front (Deutscher Arbeitsfront)

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17
Q

What happened in January 1934

A

Regional parliaments were abolished

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18
Q

Describe the SS population change 1925 -> 1933 -> 1939

A

250, 52,000 250,000

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19
Q

What was the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)

A

The Nazi party’s own internal security police

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20
Q

What was the SS’ role in Security

A

The job of internal security became greater and SS officers were granted powers to crush opposition

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21
Q

What was the SS’ role in the Military

A

The Waffen SS developed into a ‘second army’. By 1944, the SS’ power rivalled the power of the German army

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22
Q

What was the SS’ role in the Economy

A

By the end of the war of the SS had created a massive commercial organisation of over 150 firms

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23
Q

Give percentages for the origins of denunciations of people for people for committing race crimes against the German Race in Würzburg 1933-45?

A

57% from general population

0.5% from the Gestapo agents

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24
Q

How many people were legally executed from 1933-45

A

32,000

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25
Q

How many Gestapo agents were there in the whole of Germany

A

40,000

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26
Q

How many Gestapo agents were there in large cities, like Frankfurt or Hamburg?

A

40-50

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27
Q

How many people were employed by 1939

A

35,000 of 25 million

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28
Q

How did paid holidays change from 1933

A

Average paid holidays role from 3 days per year in 1933 to between 6 and 12 days per year

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29
Q

Why did take home pay rise?

A

Due to overtime rather than higher rates of pay

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30
Q

How much did hourly wages increase during the Nazi regime

A

Only 1%

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31
Q

How did the KDF improve worker’s leisure opportunities

A

In 1938 over 10 million took KDF holidays

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32
Q

What was the flaw with the Volkswagen scheme

A

No worker actually received a car and in 1939 production was switched to military needs

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33
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30 June 1934

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34
Q

Why did the SA’s violence cause Hitler to decide to purge the SA?

A

While it had been helpful in the past, it became a hindrance and no longer had a purpose as the Communists and the SPD were no longer a threat?

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35
Q

How did Hindenburg inadvertently cause Hitler to purge the SA

A

Hitler needed to assure Hindenburg and the military that he respected the Junkers so that he could take over the role of President - Hitler needed Hindenburg to feel secure enough to not appoint a successor

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36
Q

What did Werner von Bloomberg threaten to do if Hitler could not control the SA

A

Impose military control over Germany

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37
Q

How many SA members were murdered in the night of the Long Knives

A

300-400 without a trial

38
Q

How did Hitler try to justify the night of the long knives

A

Hitler blamed it on the members of the SA being revolutionaries

39
Q

What was implemented August 20th 1934

A

An oath was implemented where all soldiers would swear their loyalty to Hitler

40
Q

What was the impact of the Night of the Long Knives?

A

It completely destroyed any threat from the conservative right and won favour with the ilitary

41
Q

How Hitler portray himself

A

As an ordinary man with a vision

42
Q

What did Hitler falsely believe the solution was to most problems

A

Will-power

43
Q

When was the last official cabinet meeting

A

1938

44
Q

How many times did the cabinet meet in 1933 vs 1936

A

72 vs 6

45
Q

Under Hitler’s reign, what approach was generally taken to decision making

A

It was down to Hitler’s whim or an informal conversation

46
Q

What was the Reich Chancellery responsible for?

A

Controlling/coordinating government - it’s role became increasingly important as the role of cabinet declined

47
Q

Who was the head of the Reich Chancellory

A

Hans-Heinrich Lammers

48
Q

What political orientation did the judiciary of both the Nazi regime and Weimer have?

A

The judiciary was ultra-conservative and generally bias against the left

49
Q

How did Nazis achieve political goals despite the chaos

A

They used Mein Kampf and Hitler’s speeches

50
Q

What made Lammers particularly powerful

A

As Hitler’s secretary he chose what legislation he presented to Hitler

51
Q

How did competition between departments affect legislation

A

Legislation became increasingly radical in order to gain Hitler’s favour

52
Q

What did Hitler want to achieve to remove the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Restoring the armed forces, regaining lost territory and claiming Lebensraum

53
Q

What did Hitler proclaim in February 1933

A

Only members of the army could carry guns, and not members of the SA

54
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

2nd August 1934

55
Q

What did Hitler do when Hindenburg died

A

Merged the offices of the Chancellor ans the President

56
Q

What are the six main features of totalitarian dictatorships (6)

A 
An official ideology
Single mass party
Terroristic control by the police
Monopolistic control over the media
A monopoly of army
Central control of the economy
57
Q

What state institutions remained in place from the Weimar system?

A

Ministries for labour, education and transport

The police, army, judiciary and civil service

58
Q

What did Hitler replace values such as Communism, liberalism and Christianity

A

Volksgemeinschaft

59
Q

What was the purpose of the Volksgemeinschaft

A

To overcome class, religion and political division, and to create a national identity

60
Q

What was the ideal German image?

A

A class peasant working o the soil in the rural community

61
Q

When was the Hitler youth created

A

1926

62
Q

What incentives were given to increase birth rate (4)

A

Financial incentives
Improved maternity services
Propaganda
Mother’s Cross

63
Q

What happened to the birth rate between 1933-9

A

The birth rate rose then slowly declined

64
Q

Was the Nazi’s aim of increasing births successful?

A

Increase was likely due to economic recovery - the birth rate never reached Weimar’s levels

65
Q

What incentives did the Nazis give in 1933 to increase suitable marriages?

A

600 RM marriage loan if unemployed

66
Q

What incentives did the Nazis give in 1937 to increase suitable marriages?

A

The 600RM marriage loan was extended to woman in work

67
Q

What incentives did the Nazis give in 1935 to increase suitable marriages?

A

A Marriage Law which required a certificate of “fitness to marry” before marriage license was issued

68
Q

What was the “fitness to marry” certificate composed of

A

Evidence that there was no jewish blood or disabilities

69
Q

How did the Nazis try and develop healthy habits in Germans (3)

A

Vast expansion of health offices, especially in rural areas
Improved sanitation
Preventative medicine

70
Q

How did the Nazis use education to prepare women for their proper role

A

Limited university enrolment of women to 10%

71
Q

How did the Nazis reduce female employment (2)

A

1933 - Women in top civil service and medical jobs were dismissed
1936 - Banned from being judges, lawyers

72
Q

How did the Nazis restrict women from public life

A

No female Nazi members of Reichstag permitted

73
Q

What happened to teachers who were unconvinced by the new Nazi propaganda

A

They were given special training courses

74
Q

How were the teaching curricula and syllabi adapted under Nazi reign (2)

A

Emphasis placed on P.E (15% of time)

German language, literature and nationalism

75
Q

What percentages of teachers were members of the party by 1936

A

32%

76
Q

How did the supply/demand for teachers change by 1938

A

There were 8000 vacancies but only 2500 graduating from training colleges

77
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates (2)

A

They exhibited banned social behaviour

Organised their own events at odds with the Hitler Youth

78
Q

What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates

A

In 1944, 12 Edelweiss Pirates were hanged

79
Q

What benefits were there for the Industrial workers under the Nazis (2)

A

KDF organised opportunities

By late 1930s, Germany achieved full employment

80
Q

What limitations were there for industrial workers under the Nazis (2)

A

Workers were forced to pay extensive contribution for the DAF
Fall in unemployment was due to the removal of women and Jews

81
Q

What benefits were there for peasants and small farmers under the Nazis (2)

A

Nazi propaganda portrayed them as the purest

Positive aspects of the Reich Food Estate

82
Q

What limits were there for peasants and small farmers under the Nazis (2)

A

Urbanisation increased by 3%

Agriculture couldn’t compete with the rest of the industries

83
Q

What limitations were there for Landowners under the Nazis?

A

They resented the party’s police interference and hated land distribution

84
Q

What benefits were there for the Mittelstand under the Nazis (2)

A

Money from the confiscation of Jewish businesses was used to offer loans
Trading regulations were imposed to protect small craftsmen

85
Q

What did the Law to Protect Retail Trade in 1933

A

Banned the opening of new department stores

86
Q

What limitations were there for the Mittelstand

A

Costs of small businesses could not compete with the lower costs of department store

87
Q

What benefits were there for Big Businesses under the Nazis (2)

A

Impressive financial gains

The annexations offered huge opportunities

88
Q

What was the limitation for Big Businesses under the Nazis

A

Increased range of government controls

89
Q

What happened on 1st April 1933

A

Hitler ordered a boycott of Jewish shops - the boycott was unsuccessful

90
Q

What was the Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service, April 1933

A

Removed 5% of alien elements in the civil service

91
Q

When were the Nuremburg laws?

A

1935

92
Q

What were the Nuremburg laws? (4)

A

It was illegal for Germans and Jews to marry
Jews could not employ German women as servants
Jews were now subjects, not citizens
Restrictions on Jewish war veterans were lifted.

Germany (4 decks)

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