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Booklet 3 - A New Reich (Nazis) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the 7 April 1933 Law for Restoration of Profession Civil Service

A

Administration, courts, schools and universities purged of “alien elements” (jews, political opponents)

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2
Q

Describe the March 5 1933 Elections (4)

A

Nazi government uses control of radio, police along with unofficial pressure
Highest voter turnout (88.8%)
Nazi slogan: “The battle against Marxism”
Nazis only get 44% of the vote

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3
Q

Describe the July 20th Concordat agreement between state and Vatican (2)

A

Church banned from political activity

Government to protect religious freedom

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4
Q

When was Hitler appointed Chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

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5
Q

When did the Reichstag dissolve?

A

14th October 1933

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6
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire

A

27th February 1933

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7
Q

What was the 28th February 1933 Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of the Nation and the State (4)

A

Issued by Hindenburg using Article 48
Suspended constitutional civil rights
Gave secret police power
Repressed KPD

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8
Q

What was the 24th March 1933 Enabling Act

A

Gave emergency powers to government for four years

Hitler could pass decrees without involving the President

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9
Q

What were the limitation to Hitler’s power in the beginning of 1933 (5)

A 
He was the Chancellor of a cross-party cabinet
The cabinet only included 3 Nazis
Hindenburg was powerful
The trade unions had a lot of power
People saw the Nazis as thuggish
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10
Q

Describe the Reichstag Fire

A

Reichstag building was burnt by a Dutch Communist

Many believe it was a Nazi plot

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11
Q

What was the Gleichschaltung?

A

Known as the coordination, it was the degeneration of Weimar’s democracy from March 1933 to August 1934

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12
Q

When did the Kopenick Blood Week take place?

A

Between the 21st and 26th June 1933

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13
Q

What was the Kopenick Blood Week?

A

500 SPD members, and Nazi opponents, were tortured. 23 people died

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14
Q

How did the Kopenick Blood Week affect Nazi rule?

A

June 22, the SPD was dissolved and soon after the Nazis were declared to be the only legal party in Germany

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15
Q

When were the Nazis declared to be the only legal party in Germany?

A

20 June 1933

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16
Q

How did the Nazis destroy the trade unions?

A

All Germany’s workers’ organisations were absorbed into the German Labour Front (Deutscher Arbeitsfront)

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17
Q

What happened in January 1934

A

Regional parliaments were abolished

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18
Q

Describe the SS population change 1925 -> 1933 -> 1939

A

250, 52,000 250,000

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19
Q

What was the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)

A

The Nazi party’s own internal security police

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20
Q

What was the SS’ role in Security

A

The job of internal security became greater and SS officers were granted powers to crush opposition

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21
Q

What was the SS’ role in the Military

A

The Waffen SS developed into a ‘second army’. By 1944, the SS’ power rivalled the power of the German army

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22
Q

What was the SS’ role in the Economy

A

By the end of the war of the SS had created a massive commercial organisation of over 150 firms

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23
Q

Give percentages for the origins of denunciations of people for people for committing race crimes against the German Race in Würzburg 1933-45?

A

57% from general population

0.5% from the Gestapo agents

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24
Q

How many people were legally executed from 1933-45

A

32,000

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25
How many Gestapo agents were there in the whole of Germany
40,000
26
How many Gestapo agents were there in large cities, like Frankfurt or Hamburg?
40-50
27
How many people were employed by 1939
35,000 of 25 million
28
How did paid holidays change from 1933
Average paid holidays role from 3 days per year in 1933 to between 6 and 12 days per year
29
Why did take home pay rise?
Due to overtime rather than higher rates of pay
30
How much did hourly wages increase during the Nazi regime
Only 1%
31
How did the KDF improve worker's leisure opportunities
In 1938 over 10 million took KDF holidays
32
What was the flaw with the Volkswagen scheme
No worker actually received a car and in 1939 production was switched to military needs
33
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
30 June 1934
34
Why did the SA's violence cause Hitler to decide to purge the SA?
While it had been helpful in the past, it became a hindrance and no longer had a purpose as the Communists and the SPD were no longer a threat?
35
How did Hindenburg inadvertently cause Hitler to purge the SA
Hitler needed to assure Hindenburg and the military that he respected the Junkers so that he could take over the role of President - Hitler needed Hindenburg to feel secure enough to not appoint a successor
36
What did Werner von Bloomberg threaten to do if Hitler could not control the SA
Impose military control over Germany
37
How many SA members were murdered in the night of the Long Knives
300-400 without a trial
38
How did Hitler try to justify the night of the long knives
Hitler blamed it on the members of the SA being revolutionaries
39
What was implemented August 20th 1934
An oath was implemented where all soldiers would swear their loyalty to Hitler
40
What was the impact of the Night of the Long Knives?
It completely destroyed any threat from the conservative right and won favour with the ilitary
41
How Hitler portray himself
As an ordinary man with a vision
42
What did Hitler falsely believe the solution was to most problems
Will-power
43
When was the last official cabinet meeting
1938
44
How many times did the cabinet meet in 1933 vs 1936
72 vs 6
45
Under Hitler's reign, what approach was generally taken to decision making
It was down to Hitler's whim or an informal conversation
46
What was the Reich Chancellery responsible for?
Controlling/coordinating government - it's role became increasingly important as the role of cabinet declined
47
Who was the head of the Reich Chancellory
Hans-Heinrich Lammers
48
What political orientation did the judiciary of both the Nazi regime and Weimer have?
The judiciary was ultra-conservative and generally bias against the left
49
How did Nazis achieve political goals despite the chaos
They used Mein Kampf and Hitler's speeches
50
What made Lammers particularly powerful
As Hitler's secretary he chose what legislation he presented to Hitler
51
How did competition between departments affect legislation
Legislation became increasingly radical in order to gain Hitler's favour
52
What did Hitler want to achieve to remove the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Restoring the armed forces, regaining lost territory and claiming Lebensraum
53
What did Hitler proclaim in February 1933
Only members of the army could carry guns, and not members of the SA
54
When did Hindenburg die?
2nd August 1934
55
What did Hitler do when Hindenburg died
Merged the offices of the Chancellor ans the President
56
What are the six main features of totalitarian dictatorships (6)
``` An official ideology Single mass party Terroristic control by the police Monopolistic control over the media A monopoly of army Central control of the economy ```
57
What state institutions remained in place from the Weimar system?
Ministries for labour, education and transport | The police, army, judiciary and civil service
58
What did Hitler replace values such as Communism, liberalism and Christianity
Volksgemeinschaft
59
What was the purpose of the Volksgemeinschaft
To overcome class, religion and political division, and to create a national identity
60
What was the ideal German image?
A class peasant working o the soil in the rural community
61
When was the Hitler youth created
1926
62
What incentives were given to increase birth rate (4)
Financial incentives Improved maternity services Propaganda Mother's Cross
63
What happened to the birth rate between 1933-9
The birth rate rose then slowly declined
64
Was the Nazi's aim of increasing births successful?
Increase was likely due to economic recovery - the birth rate never reached Weimar's levels
65
What incentives did the Nazis give in 1933 to increase suitable marriages?
600 RM marriage loan if unemployed
66
What incentives did the Nazis give in 1937 to increase suitable marriages?
The 600RM marriage loan was extended to woman in work
67
What incentives did the Nazis give in 1935 to increase suitable marriages?
A Marriage Law which required a certificate of "fitness to marry" before marriage license was issued
68
What was the "fitness to marry" certificate composed of
Evidence that there was no jewish blood or disabilities
69
How did the Nazis try and develop healthy habits in Germans (3)
Vast expansion of health offices, especially in rural areas Improved sanitation Preventative medicine
70
How did the Nazis use education to prepare women for their proper role
Limited university enrolment of women to 10%
71
How did the Nazis reduce female employment (2)
1933 - Women in top civil service and medical jobs were dismissed 1936 - Banned from being judges, lawyers
72
How did the Nazis restrict women from public life
No female Nazi members of Reichstag permitted
73
What happened to teachers who were unconvinced by the new Nazi propaganda
They were given special training courses
74
How were the teaching curricula and syllabi adapted under Nazi reign (2)
Emphasis placed on P.E (15% of time) | German language, literature and nationalism
75
What percentages of teachers were members of the party by 1936
32%
76
How did the supply/demand for teachers change by 1938
There were 8000 vacancies but only 2500 graduating from training colleges
77
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates (2)
They exhibited banned social behaviour | Organised their own events at odds with the Hitler Youth
78
What happened to the Edelweiss Pirates
In 1944, 12 Edelweiss Pirates were hanged
79
What benefits were there for the Industrial workers under the Nazis (2)
KDF organised opportunities | By late 1930s, Germany achieved full employment
80
What limitations were there for industrial workers under the Nazis (2)
Workers were forced to pay extensive contribution for the DAF Fall in unemployment was due to the removal of women and Jews
81
What benefits were there for peasants and small farmers under the Nazis (2)
Nazi propaganda portrayed them as the purest | Positive aspects of the Reich Food Estate
82
What limits were there for peasants and small farmers under the Nazis (2)
Urbanisation increased by 3% | Agriculture couldn't compete with the rest of the industries
83
What limitations were there for Landowners under the Nazis?
They resented the party's police interference and hated land distribution
84
What benefits were there for the Mittelstand under the Nazis (2)
Money from the confiscation of Jewish businesses was used to offer loans Trading regulations were imposed to protect small craftsmen
85
What did the Law to Protect Retail Trade in 1933
Banned the opening of new department stores
86
What limitations were there for the Mittelstand
Costs of small businesses could not compete with the lower costs of department store
87
What benefits were there for Big Businesses under the Nazis (2)
Impressive financial gains | The annexations offered huge opportunities
88
What was the limitation for Big Businesses under the Nazis
Increased range of government controls
89
What happened on 1st April 1933
Hitler ordered a boycott of Jewish shops - the boycott was unsuccessful
90
What was the Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service, April 1933
Removed 5% of alien elements in the civil service
91
When were the Nuremburg laws?
1935
92
What were the Nuremburg laws? (4)
It was illegal for Germans and Jews to marry Jews could not employ German women as servants Jews were now subjects, not citizens Restrictions on Jewish war veterans were lifted.

Germany (4 decks)

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