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Booklet 1 :) Flashcards

1
Q

When was Germany Unified

A

1871

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2
Q

How many states had been united?

A

39

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3
Q

How did sovereignty present a problem to unified Germany

A

22 states each had their own sovereigns

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4
Q

How was the relationship between states (2)

A

No real cooperation other than trade and common defence

Strong independent regional values

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5
Q

How did minorities present a problem to unified Germany

A

There were many non-German speaking minorites

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6
Q

How did religions present a problem in unified Germany?

A

There was conflict between religions.

Protest Prussia and Catholic Bavaria

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7
Q

Who could the Kaiser appoint and dismiss (3)

A

Bundesrat

Reichstag Chancellor

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8
Q

What was the Kaiser in control of (2)

A

Foreign policy

Armed forces

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9
Q

Who could elect MPs?

A

Men over 25

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10
Q

What control did the Reichstag have over laws?

A

Could agree / veto laws

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11
Q

What was the Reichstag’s key power

A

Control of the budget

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12
Q

How often was the Reichstag elected

A

Every 5 years

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13
Q

How many members of the Bundesrat were there?

A

58

17 from Prussia, 6 from Bavaria

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14
Q

What control did the Bundesrat have over legislation?

A

Could veto legislation passed by the Reichstag with 14 votes

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15
Q

What did Bismarck do to unite the states through the problem with sovereignty?

A

Each of the 22 rulers were given a lot of power, and sat just under the Kaiser, but the sovereignty ended with them

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16
Q

Give 4 ways Bismarck used the constitution to unite Germany legally

A

A single Germany currency was created (mark)
Standardised weights and measurements.
A national legal system
German railway system

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17
Q

What did the constitution of 1871 establish Germany as?

A

A federal state with the separate states retaining certain powers under Prussian dominance

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18
Q

What was the disparity between the Southern and Northern states?

A

The southern states had more privileges as Bismarck had to make deals with them in order for them to join

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19
Q

How were voters separated?

A

3 sections, with each section electing 1/3 of parliament
Lowest tax payers - 85% of population
Top tax payers - 5%
Middle tax payers 10%

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20
Q

What prevented lower class people from being members of the Reichstag

A

Reichstag members wouldn’t be paid

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21
Q

What limited the Reichstag’s power over legislation (2)

A

Could not initiate legislation

Could be vetoed by the Bundesrat

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22
Q

Why did Bismarck allow a democratic vote

A

Thought it would minimise liberal influence

Encourage monarchy support

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23
Q

What democratic benefit did the Reichstag have? (2)

A

Open forum of debate with parliamentary immunity

Lots of press attention

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24
Q

What was the drawback of dissolving the Reichstag for Bismarck

A

Would take too long to dissolve Reichstag every time

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25
Which 4 states made up the Germany army
Prussia Bavaria Saxony Wurttemberg
26
What happened to the German army in times of war
The army came under the control of Prussia rather than the individual states
27
How did the conscription instil loyalty?
All German men served for 2-3 years | Values of loyalty, discipline and military pride
28
Why did the Reichstag not have control of the army budget?
It was not renewed annually
29
How much of all federal expenditure was focused on the army?
80%
30
Describe the National Liberal party? (4)
Supported German empire Based in the north Backed Bismarck (until 1878) Represented the educated and wealthy middle class
31
Describe the German People's Party (DVP) (2)
Opposed the creation of a unified Germany | Based in the south of the country
32
Describe the Catholic Party (Z) (3)
Represented Catholic interests Supported well in the South Supported by national groups such as Poles and French
33
Describe the German Conservative Parties (DKP) (3)
Represented the Junkers in Prussia Disliked unification Only backed Bismarck after 1878
34
Describe National Groups (2)
Represented, Poles, Danes and French | Won 10% at the start of the unification, but less over time
35
Describe the Socialist Worker's Party (SAPD and SPD from 1890) (2)
Formed in 1875 | Attracted about 7% of the vote during the 1870s
36
Who was the most popular party in the Reichstag in the 1870s?
The National Liberals
37
Who led the National Liberal party?
Rudolf von Bennigsen
38
What were the two main aims of the National Liberal party?
National unity | Promotion of civil liberties
39
What did Bismarck pass with the National Liberals? (6)
``` Free trade legislation Removal of movement restrictions Standard legal system Weights and measurements Reichsmark Removal of loan restrictions ```
40
Why did Bismarck work with the National Liberals? (2)
``` Bismarck wanted to keep middle class voters happy and distracted from his dislike of democracy They both feared Catholics ```
41
What did the decline of National Liberal party mean?
The Catholic Party grew in popularity, making the Reichstag more difficult to manage
42
When was the Syllabus of Errors
1864
43
What was the Syllabus of Errors
Key statements from the Vatican which stood against the democracy that undermined the Catholic monarchies
44
What was the Declaration of Papal Infallibility?
Pope's moral teachings were to be guiding for all Catholics, and more important than the state's teachings
45
Why did Bismarck oppose the Catholic statements
Undermined the unification of Germany
46
Why did the National Liberals oppose the Catholic statements
National Liberals were opposed to the Catholic church
47
How much of Germany's population was Catholic?
1/3
48
What was the aim of the Centre (Z) party?
To protect the rights and interests of Catholics in Germany
49
Why was Bismarck concerned about the Centre Party (Z)
They wanted a less centralised Germany with greater state autonomy
50
What was the Kulturkamp
A campaign against the catholic institutions and power within Germany
51
How did the Kulturkamp begin
With laws that allowed authorities to inspect Catholic schools and banned Jesuits from Germany
52
What was the Bread-Basket-Law?
Withdrew financial from any priest who didn't declare their support for Germany
53
How many priests had been jailed/exiled from Germany by 1879?
1,800
54
Why did the Kulturkamp end?
Bismarck needed the support of the Catholic Party when he wanted to break away from the National Liberals
55
What happened in 1878 that Bismarck used to turn people against socialism?
There were two assassinations attempts on Wilhelm I
56
Why did Bismarck dissolve the Reichstag in 1878?
They refused the anti-socialist laws
57
What did the Law for Combatting the Criminal Aims of Social Democracy do?
Prohibited socialist meetings and gave the police power to randomly search and arrest.
58
Name 2 limitations to Germany's nationalism?
``` No flag or national anthem National holiday (Sedantag) isolated most states ```
59
What was the Germany identity called
Reichsdeutchse Identity
60
How did schools promote unity? (3)
Had to teach nationalism Taught German over Polish and French Taught loyalty to the Kaiser and the Kaiserreich

Germany (4 decks)

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