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Germany > Booklet 1 :) > Flashcards

Booklet 1 :) Flashcards

1
Q

When was Germany Unified

A

1871

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2
Q

How many states had been united?

A

39

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3
Q

How did sovereignty present a problem to unified Germany

A

22 states each had their own sovereigns

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4
Q

How was the relationship between states (2)

A

No real cooperation other than trade and common defence

Strong independent regional values

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5
Q

How did minorities present a problem to unified Germany

A

There were many non-German speaking minorites

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6
Q

How did religions present a problem in unified Germany?

A

There was conflict between religions.

Protest Prussia and Catholic Bavaria

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7
Q

Who could the Kaiser appoint and dismiss (3)

A

Bundesrat

Reichstag Chancellor

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8
Q

What was the Kaiser in control of (2)

A

Foreign policy

Armed forces

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9
Q

Who could elect MPs?

A

Men over 25

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10
Q

What control did the Reichstag have over laws?

A

Could agree / veto laws

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11
Q

What was the Reichstag’s key power

A

Control of the budget

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12
Q

How often was the Reichstag elected

A

Every 5 years

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13
Q

How many members of the Bundesrat were there?

A

58

17 from Prussia, 6 from Bavaria

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14
Q

What control did the Bundesrat have over legislation?

A

Could veto legislation passed by the Reichstag with 14 votes

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15
Q

What did Bismarck do to unite the states through the problem with sovereignty?

A

Each of the 22 rulers were given a lot of power, and sat just under the Kaiser, but the sovereignty ended with them

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16
Q

Give 4 ways Bismarck used the constitution to unite Germany legally

A

A single Germany currency was created (mark)
Standardised weights and measurements.
A national legal system
German railway system

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17
Q

What did the constitution of 1871 establish Germany as?

A

A federal state with the separate states retaining certain powers under Prussian dominance

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18
Q

What was the disparity between the Southern and Northern states?

A

The southern states had more privileges as Bismarck had to make deals with them in order for them to join

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19
Q

How were voters separated?

A

3 sections, with each section electing 1/3 of parliament
Lowest tax payers - 85% of population
Top tax payers - 5%
Middle tax payers 10%

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20
Q

What prevented lower class people from being members of the Reichstag

A

Reichstag members wouldn’t be paid

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21
Q

What limited the Reichstag’s power over legislation (2)

A

Could not initiate legislation

Could be vetoed by the Bundesrat

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22
Q

Why did Bismarck allow a democratic vote

A

Thought it would minimise liberal influence

Encourage monarchy support

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23
Q

What democratic benefit did the Reichstag have? (2)

A

Open forum of debate with parliamentary immunity

Lots of press attention

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24
Q

What was the drawback of dissolving the Reichstag for Bismarck

A

Would take too long to dissolve Reichstag every time

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25
Q

Which 4 states made up the Germany army

A

Prussia
Bavaria
Saxony
Wurttemberg

26
Q

What happened to the German army in times of war

A

The army came under the control of Prussia rather than the individual states

27
Q

How did the conscription instil loyalty?

A

All German men served for 2-3 years

Values of loyalty, discipline and military pride

28
Q

Why did the Reichstag not have control of the army budget?

A

It was not renewed annually

29
Q

How much of all federal expenditure was focused on the army?

A

80%

30
Q

Describe the National Liberal party? (4)

A

Supported German empire
Based in the north
Backed Bismarck (until 1878)
Represented the educated and wealthy middle class

31
Q

Describe the German People’s Party (DVP) (2)

A

Opposed the creation of a unified Germany

Based in the south of the country

32
Q

Describe the Catholic Party (Z) (3)

A

Represented Catholic interests
Supported well in the South
Supported by national groups such as Poles and French

33
Q

Describe the German Conservative Parties (DKP) (3)

A

Represented the Junkers in Prussia
Disliked unification
Only backed Bismarck after 1878

34
Q

Describe National Groups (2)

A

Represented, Poles, Danes and French

Won 10% at the start of the unification, but less over time

35
Q

Describe the Socialist Worker’s Party (SAPD and SPD from 1890) (2)

A

Formed in 1875

Attracted about 7% of the vote during the 1870s

36
Q

Who was the most popular party in the Reichstag in the 1870s?

A

The National Liberals

37
Q

Who led the National Liberal party?

A

Rudolf von Bennigsen

38
Q

What were the two main aims of the National Liberal party?

A

National unity

Promotion of civil liberties

39
Q

What did Bismarck pass with the National Liberals? (6)

A 
Free trade legislation
Removal of movement restrictions
Standard legal system
Weights and measurements
Reichsmark
Removal of loan restrictions
40
Q

Why did Bismarck work with the National Liberals? (2)

A 
Bismarck wanted to keep middle class voters happy and distracted from his dislike of democracy
They both feared Catholics
41
Q

What did the decline of National Liberal party mean?

A

The Catholic Party grew in popularity, making the Reichstag more difficult to manage

42
Q

When was the Syllabus of Errors

A

1864

43
Q

What was the Syllabus of Errors

A

Key statements from the Vatican which stood against the democracy that undermined the Catholic monarchies

44
Q

What was the Declaration of Papal Infallibility?

A

Pope’s moral teachings were to be guiding for all Catholics, and more important than the state’s teachings

45
Q

Why did Bismarck oppose the Catholic statements

A

Undermined the unification of Germany

46
Q

Why did the National Liberals oppose the Catholic statements

A

National Liberals were opposed to the Catholic church

47
Q

How much of Germany’s population was Catholic?

A

1/3

48
Q

What was the aim of the Centre (Z) party?

A

To protect the rights and interests of Catholics in Germany

49
Q

Why was Bismarck concerned about the Centre Party (Z)

A

They wanted a less centralised Germany with greater state autonomy

50
Q

What was the Kulturkamp

A

A campaign against the catholic institutions and power within Germany

51
Q

How did the Kulturkamp begin

A

With laws that allowed authorities to inspect Catholic schools and banned Jesuits from Germany

52
Q

What was the Bread-Basket-Law?

A

Withdrew financial from any priest who didn’t declare their support for Germany

53
Q

How many priests had been jailed/exiled from Germany by 1879?

A

1,800

54
Q

Why did the Kulturkamp end?

A

Bismarck needed the support of the Catholic Party when he wanted to break away from the National Liberals

55
Q

What happened in 1878 that Bismarck used to turn people against socialism?

A

There were two assassinations attempts on Wilhelm I

56
Q

Why did Bismarck dissolve the Reichstag in 1878?

A

They refused the anti-socialist laws

57
Q

What did the Law for Combatting the Criminal Aims of Social Democracy do?

A

Prohibited socialist meetings and gave the police power to randomly search and arrest.

58
Q

Name 2 limitations to Germany’s nationalism?

A 
No flag or national anthem
National holiday (Sedantag) isolated most states
59
Q

What was the Germany identity called

A

Reichsdeutchse Identity

60
Q

How did schools promote unity? (3)

A

Had to teach nationalism
Taught German over Polish and French
Taught loyalty to the Kaiser and the Kaiserreich

Germany (4 decks)

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