Source Analysis

Question 1

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 1

The allied powers met to negotiate and agree on a set of penalties to be imposed on Germany, as a result for starting WW1

Question 2

What were some of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 2

1. Germany had to accept blame for starting the War
2. Germany had to pay reparations to France, Belgium, and Britain of around £6600 million.
3. The German army was limited to 100,000 men, and conscription was banned
4. They lost all of their overseas colonies
5. Was not allowed to join the League of Nations until they proved to be a peaceful country

Question 3

Impact of Treaty of Versailles on Germans

Answer 3

1. Feelings of humiliation and anger - had to sign they were to blame for starting WW1
2. They experienced severe economic difficulties and instability which led to hyperinflation and Germany’s currency becoming worthless.
3. High-unemployment and scapegoating of groups

Question 4

Date of Treaty of Versailles

Answer 4

June 28, 1919

Question 5

What did Hitler do that broke the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 5

1. He rebuilt the army up to 3.5 million men
2. Sent troops into Rhineland, a demilitarized zone, in which Germany was prohibited from entering
3. Invaded Austria and joined alliances with Austria.
4. He re-introduced conscription, expanded the army, and established the air force
5. Hitler invading Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia

Question 6

Munich Agreement

Answer 6

The Munich Agreement allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia without facing military opposition, in an attempt to avoid war.

Question 7

Women before WW2

Answer 7

Australian women were not permitted to serve in the military and served as home carers and upbringing children

Question 8

Statistics

Answer 8

1. 35,000 women served in the army, which was 5% of the entire force.

Women were not allowed to be sent overseas but were trained in many of the home-front tasks so that more servicemen could be freed to join the overseas force.

Question 9

List 3 Auxiliares:

Answer 9

1. Women’s Auxiliary Australian Airforce (WAAAF) 18,500 women
2. Australian Women’s Army Service (AWAS) - 24,000
3. Women’s Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) - 2000 women

Question 10

List some traditional men roles that women took up

Answer 10

1. Signallers
2. Truck and Ambulance Drivers
3. Wireless Telegraphers
4. Air-craft ground staff

Question 11

Examples of how women roles were sorted

Answer 11

A dancer could be sent to work on a farm because she was agile and physically fit

Question 12

What happened by mid 1943?

Answer 12

Nearly 200,000 women were employed in roles that would assist war-effort

Question 13

National Security Act

Answer 13

• passed on 9th September 1939
• the Act gave the government the power to pass laws as regulations. Menzies said it was required in order to protect the Safety and Defense of the Commonwealth

Question 14

What does Curtin call Australia to do?

Answer 14

1. ‘Give your best in the service of this nation’
2. ‘Each must take his or her place in the service of this nation’

Question 15

Joining Alliances with America - ‘all in effort’

Answer 15

Curtin famously declared that Australia would look to America, “free of any pangs as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom”. This underscores Australia’s reliance on the US for defence.

Question 16

“All in Effort’ - Rationing Goods Purpose

Answer 16

1. Limited imported supplies due to pressure on shipping
2. The government wanted people to control their spending, stating that all resources need to be channelled into war effort.

Question 17

Why did Curtin introduce rationaling?

Answer 17

1. He believed that it created a sense of an ‘equalising of the burdens of the war’.
2. I hope that it would an act on consumer spending leading to increased savings which could be invested into war loans

Question 18

Examples of rationed goods:

Answer 18

1. Tea: 1/2 lb per 5 weeks
2. Sugar: 2lb per fortnight
3. Meat: 2 1/4 lbs per week

Question 19

How else could women support war effort?

Answer 19

People were encouraged to grow their own food to supplement their rations. Vegetable patches appeared in front gardens and many families kept chicken in backyards

Question 20

War Bonds: ‘all in effort’. What did it encourage?

Answer 20

He encouraged Australians to buy war bonds which would mature with interest after the war.
- The Fourth Liberty loan with the slogan ‘Back the Attack!” along with other 11 major government war loans raised £903 million

Question 21

Our Response to War: Continuity

Answer 21

• Many people were horrified at the aims and practises of the Nazis and realised they needed to be stopped.
• Our affection for our mother country ran deep. Australian culture, education, and institutions still remained strongly British
• The Empire was our main source of defense and our main trading partner

Question 22

Our Response to War: Change

Answer 22

• In 1914 nobody had any idea what war was going to be like, seeing war in terms of excitement and romance. But by 1939, the horrors of war were well known, as the memories in the trenches were recent.
• people started to question why Australia was fighting over 100,000 miles away again.
• Australia were slowly but surely developing an increasing pride in the idea of being Australian and not British

Question 23

What was the Nuremberg Laws?

Answer 23

To define racial identity and to set out the relationship between Jewish people and other Germans. It set out clear rules for the classification of Jewish people and outlawed marriage between Jews and non-Jews

• it removed the citizenship status of Jews, including privileges that accompanied this (voting rights)

Question 24

What was the final soultion

Answer 24

Nazi plan to eliminate Europe’s Jewish population. The “final solution” was implemented from 1941 to 1945 and resulted in the systematic murder of 6 million Jews across 21 countries.

Question 25

Population of Jews

Answer 25

500,000 in a population of 67 million, and 80% of them being full German citizens

Question 26

Auschwitz and Treblinka

Answer 26

They were designed as ‘Death Camps’, where inmates unsuitable for forced labour were gassed and their bodies were burned in giant ovens

Question 27

‘Arbeit macht frei’

Answer 27

Entrance of Auschwitz. Meaning that work would set them free, false sense of hope

Question 28

Treatment of them

Answer 28

1. beaten
2. starved, exhaustion, and diseases
3. tortured
4. described as having ‘skeletal faces’ with deep-set eyes.
5. Hold on to one-another to prevent falling over.