POWER, PROTEST, AND CHANGE - Aboriginal

Question 1

Define Activism

Answer 1

Policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change

Question 2

Define Civil disobedience

Answer 2

Refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of protest

Question 3

Define Dissent

Answer 3

Holding or expression of opinions at variance with those commonly held

Question 4

Define petition

Answer 4

A formal written request, typically one signed by people, appealing to authority in respect of a particular case

Question 5

Define protest

Answer 5

A statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something

Question 6

Define Social Movement

Answer 6

consists of a number of people organised and coordinated to bring about social change

Question 7

List factors that contributed to change

Answer 7

1. the hostility between the USSR and China influenced the nation’s strategic alignment and policies
2. advancements in space travel, transformed communications and gave Australians greater access to global events, ideas, and entertainment
3. With Greater access to education, including tertiary, young people started to question the values and attitudes of their parents

Question 8

Forms of Protests

Answer 8

1. Marches
2. Petitions
3. Protests
4. Public Speeches

Question 9

Examples of Protests

Answer 9

1. ‘The Invasion Day’ protest - 26th Jan
2. ‘Black Lives Matter’ protest - June 2020
3. ‘Anti-vaccination’ protest
4. Climate Change Protests

Question 10

‘Hippie values’: What are they?

Answer 10

• rejected materialism, greed, and war
• liberated through free love, and the use of drugs including LSD and marijuana

Question 11

Rights enjoyed by Aborigines on settlements and reserves in five states and in the NT

Answer 11

Voting Rights: All except for WA and QLD
Marry Freely: All except for WA, NT, and QLD
Alcohol Allowed: NONE
Received Award Wages: No for all, except for NSW that said YES

Question 12

Discrimination suffered by Aboriginal people in the 1950’s and 60’s

Answer 12

1. forced to live in separate areas, and were often denied health and welfare benefits.
2. Some Aboriginal children were still denied entry to schools in rural areas
3. Clubs often barred entry to Aborigines. Even Aboriginal servicemen who had fought in the war couldn’t drink in some RSL clubs except on ANZAC day

Question 13

Where did Aboriginies work in?

Answer 13

• low paid jobs
• unskilled occupation work
• seasonal work
• state of housing reflected the low wages and status of Aborigines

Question 14

CAUSES for decline in population

Answer 14

1. The introduction of new diseases
2. Settler acquisition of indigenous lands
3. Direct & Violent conflict with colonists
4. They introduced guns, disease, & violence

Question 15

‘Terra Nullius’ meaning

Answer 15

land belonging to no one

Question 16

Examples of Massacres

Answer 16

Mt Cottrell, Werribee - 16th July 1836
Motive: Reprisal for killing civilians
- 55 Aborigines Died
- 2 colonists died

Question 17

What was Darwin’s ‘theory of evolution’?

Answer 17

The belief that black races were inferior

Question 18

Ways in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples remained economically and politically disadvantaged after the Federation.

Answer 18

1. Not entitled to vote in federal elections
2. They didn’t receive basic wage and were not eligible for aged and invalid pensions
3. Had travel restrictions
4. Excluded from military training

Question 19

Outcomes for Indigenous people in Australia

Answer 19

1. They fell victim to exploitation, violence and disease
2. They progressively lost their traditional lands
3. They had to survive on handouts as they became dependent

Question 20

What was the Aboriginal Protection Act?

Answer 20

The 1915 amendments gave the power to remove any child at any time for any reason. It was for the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their parents

Question 21

What happened in the policy of protectionism?

Answer 21

• Aboriginal people were removed from their traditional lands and placed on reservations and missions
• state government had full control over their lives

Question 22

What were missions?

Answer 22

Missions were in the control of churches and missionaries with little or no government involvement, to support the assimilation policy and segregation.

Question 23

What were reserves and stations?

Answer 23

Reserves and stations were generally run by the government. Aboriginal reserves were overseen by government ‘protectors’, who controlled many aspects of the lives of Aboriginal people.

Question 24

Purpose of Reserves and Missions?

Answer 24

To segregate aborigines from white society and to assimilate aborigines (usually children) into white Australian society

Question 25

What the point of Assimilation policy - 1930’s

Answer 25

• an attempt to make Aboriginal Australians accept the way of life of white Australians.
• Aboriginal people were encouraged to give up their traditional way of life and move to the towns and cities to find work.

Question 26

Did assimilation give Aboriginies the same rights?

Answer 26

Assimilation did not give Aborigines the same rights as white Australians and they continued to encounter serious discrimination and racism.

Question 27

Impacts of assimilation policies on Aboriginal people

Answer 27

• difficult to work due to racism
• difficult to gain access to shops, entertainment venues and public spaces
• difficult to gain access to housing and health assistance

Question 28

When was the assimilation policy?

Answer 28

1937

Question 29

What happened to the Stolen Generations?

Answer 29

• Aboriginal Children were forcibly removed from their families and places into state care or placed with white families
• belief that their Aboriginality could be overcome by ‘white’ attributes that will shine through

Question 30

Arguments to support the removal of children

Answer 30

1. Assimilation will ensure that Aboriginal children will survive in the 20th children & become productive members of AUS society
2. Need to be removed at a young age to make assimilation possible and successful. 13 is too old.
3. Mothers eventually forget about their children

Question 31

Arguments that oppose the removal of children

Answer 31

1. Traumatising for families - initial removal of children
2. Aboriginal children are being cared for by their current parents
3. Destroys the family unit

Question 32

Definition of assimilation

Answer 32

integrating blacks into white society

Question 33

What was the Aboriginal Protection Act?

Answer 33

The 1915 amendments gave the power to remove any child at any time for any reason. It was for the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their parents, as a part of assimilation.

Question 34

Why were Aboriginal Protection Boards established?

Answer 34

• they were established in the colonies around Australia to ‘manage’ Aboriginal populations
• remove any children
• Commonwealth took no responsibility

Question 35

Role of Chief Protectors

Answer 35

They were appointed to watch over the Aboriginal people in each state and oversee what many thought to be a ‘dying race’

Question 36

What happened in 1962?

Answer 36

The Commonwealth Electoral Act of 1962 - granted all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people the option to enrol and vote in federal elections