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SPI > Sound Waves > Flashcards

Sound Waves Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the time of the start of one cycle to the start of the next.

A

PERIOD

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2
Q

What is the unit of period?

A

Time; seconds, milliseconds (mm)

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3
Q

With diagnostic ultrasound what are the value of period?

A

one-tenth to one-half millionth of a second.

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4
Q

What is period determined by?

A

Sound source only

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5
Q

Can period be adjusted?

A

No

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6
Q

_______ is the number of cycles that occur in one second?

A

Frequency

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7
Q

What are the units of frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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8
Q

Convert the following to Hz.
1. 5 cycles/ second
2. 5,000 cycles/ second
3. 5,000,000 cycles/ second

A
  1. 5 Hz
  2. 5 KHz
  3. 5 MHz
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9
Q

What is the typical frequency range of ultrasound in a clinical setting?

A

2Mhz-15Mhz

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10
Q

What is frequency determined by?

A

Sound source only

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11
Q

Is frequency adjustable?

A

No

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12
Q

What is the equation for frequency?

A

Frequency= cycles/ second

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13
Q

If there are 10 cycles in 5 seconds, What is the frequency?

A

10/5=2
2Hz

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14
Q

How many Hz is below human hearing?

A

Less than 20 Hz

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15
Q

What does inaudible mean?

A

Can’t be heard

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16
Q

What is the frequency of an infrasonic sound wave?

A

Less than 20 Hz

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17
Q

What is the frequency of an audible sound wave?

A

Between 20 Hz and 20 KHz

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18
Q

What is the frequency of ultrasound?

A

Greater than 20 KHz

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19
Q

What is a frequency so high, humans can’t hear?

A

Ultrasonic

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20
Q

What is the relationship between frequency and period?

A

Inversely related

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21
Q

True or False. Are frequency and period reciprocals?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

True or False. The lower the frequency the longer the period?

A

True
Period X Frequency=1

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23
Q

Do higher or lower frequencies have shorter periods?

A

Higher frequencies

24
Q

Does a wave with a longer or shorter period have have a lower frequency?

A

Longer period

25
Q

What are the three parameters that describe size and strength of a sound?

A

Amplitude
Intensity
Power

26
Q

What term describes the difference between the maximum value and average value of an acoustic wave?

A

Amplitude

27
Q

What is amplitude describing when discussing a wave?

A

Bigness of a wave

28
Q

What are the units for amplitude?

A

Pressure (Pascals)
Density ( g/cm3)
distance (inches, cm)

29
Q

What is amplitude expressed in?

A

Decibels (Db)

30
Q

What are the typical values of amplitude in the clinical setting?

A

1MPa-3MPa

31
Q

What determines amplitude

A

Sound source orginally

32
Q

Is amplitude adjustable?

A

YES

33
Q

How is amplitude measured?

A

From the baseline to the maximum or minimum value

34
Q

What is the difference between maximum and minimum values of an acoustic variable?

A

Peak-to Peak amplitude

35
Q

What is twice the value of amplitude?

A

Peak-to-Peak amplitude

36
Q

What is the rate of energy transferred?

A

Power

37
Q

What describes the bigness of a wave?

A

Power
Amplitude
Intensity

38
Q

How is power and amplitude related?

A

Directly related

39
Q

What are the units of Power

A

Watts

40
Q

What is power proportional to?

A

Amplitude to the 3rd power

41
Q

What is power proportional to?

A

Amplitude

42
Q

What is power determined by?

A

Sound source only

43
Q

How is power related to frequency?

A

unrelated

44
Q

Does power increase or decrease as it propagates through tissue?

A

Decreases

45
Q

What determines the rate at which power decreases as sound travels through the body?

A

Characteristics of the medium and wave

46
Q

Is power adjustable?

A

Yes

47
Q

What does power equal?

A

Amplitude2

48
Q

If you increase the amplitude by a factor of 2 how does has power changed?

A

Power has increased 4 fold.
(2x2=4)

49
Q

If you decrease the amplitude 1/4 its original value, how has power changed?

A

Power has decreased 1/16
(1/4 x1/4= 1/16)

50
Q

What is the concentration of energy in a sound beam?

A

Intensity

51
Q

How is intensity calculated?

A

Power/area

52
Q

What does intensity depend upon?

A

Power and area

53
Q

What are the units of power?

A

W/cm2

54
Q

What is intensity determined by?

A

Sound source

55
Q

What determines how the rate of intensity changes as it travels through the body?

A

Characteristics of the medium and shape of the sound beam

56
Q

Is intensity adjustable?

A

Yes

57
Q

How is intensity related to frequency?

A

unrelated

SPI (10 decks)

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