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SPI > Sound and media > Flashcards

Sound and media Flashcards

1
Q

What does attenuation mean?

A

to weaken

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2
Q

What does amplification mean?

A

to strengthen

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3
Q

What does 3db mean

A

double

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4
Q

What does 10 db mean?

A

ten times greater

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5
Q

What does -3db mean?

A

half

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6
Q

What does -10db mean

A

one-tenth

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7
Q

As a sound wave propagates through a medium does it increase or decrease in intensity?

A

decrease in intensity

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8
Q

What term is used to describe the decrease in intensity, power, and amplitude as sound travels through a medium?

A

propagation

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9
Q

What is attenuation determined by

A

Path length and frequency of sound.

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10
Q

True or false, distance indirectly affects attenuation?

A

false, distance directly affects attenuation

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11
Q

As sound travels, does the attenuation become greater or smaller?

A

greater

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12
Q

As sound travels, does the beam become weaker or stronger?

A

weaker

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13
Q

How are distance and attenuation related?

A

directly

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14
Q

What does attenuation in soft tissue depend on?

A

frequency

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15
Q

How are frequency and attenuation related?

A

Greater

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16
Q

Is attenuation greater or lower in higher frequency?

A

Lower

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17
Q

Is attenuation greater or lower in lower frequency?

A

lower

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18
Q

How is attenuation measured?

A

Decibels

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19
Q

How is attenuation reported?

A

As a relative change

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20
Q

When imaging at a shallow depth is attenuation low or high?

A

Low

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21
Q

When imaging at a deep depth is attenuation low or high?

A

High

22
Q

true or false, -10db has the same meaning as attenuating 10 db?

A

True

23
Q

What processes contribute to attenuation?

A
  1. Reflection
  2. Absorption
  3. scattering
24
Q

What weakens the portion of the sound wave that continues to move in the forward direction?

A

reflection

25
Q

What occurs when dimensions of a boundary are large?

A

reflection

26
Q

Whare are 2 forms of reflection?

A
  1. specular
  2. diffuse
27
Q

True or false, specular reflection at an angle returns directly to the transducer?

A

False, They do Not return to the transducer

28
Q

Is specular reflection organized or disorganizded?

A

Organized

29
Q

When the boundary of an object is smooth, how is the sound reflected?

A

In one direction

30
Q

What term is used when a wave reflects off an irregular surface and radiates in multiple directions?

A

Diffuse reflection or backscatter

31
Q

What term is used for the random disorganized, chaotic redirection of sound?

A

scattering

32
Q

When does sound wave scatter?

A

When tissue interface is small ( equal to or less the wavelength)

33
Q

Do higher or lower frequency sound waves scatter more?

A

Higher

34
Q

How is scattering related to frequency?

A

Directly related

35
Q

What type of scattering occurs when a dimension of an object is much smaller than the beams wavelength?

A

Rayleigh related

36
Q

True or false, rayleigh scattering redirects sound waves equally in all directions.

A

True

37
Q

What type of scattering is seen with the interaction of ultrasound and red blood cells?

A

Rayleigh scattering

38
Q

What is Rayleigh scattering proportional to?

A

Frequency

39
Q

When you increase frequency, what happens to Rayleigh scattering?

A

increases

40
Q

What occurs when ultrasonic energy is converted into another form of energy?

A

Absorption

41
Q

how is absorption related to frequency?

A

Directly related

42
Q

Do lower or higher frequency waves attenuate more?

A

higher frequency (due to absorption)

43
Q

What does total attenuation depend on?

A

Frequency of sound tissue distance beam travels

44
Q

What is the term used for reporting attenuation?

A

attenuation coefficient

45
Q

What are the units of attenuation coefficient?

A

db/cm

46
Q

True or False, attenuation, coefficient is the number of decibels of attenuation that occur when sound travels 10 centimeters?

A

False. The attention coefficient is the number of decibels of attenuation that occur when sound travels centimeter.

47
Q

Does the value of the attenuation coefficient change when the path length changes?

A

No

48
Q

What is the equation for total attenuation?

A

Attenuation coefficient x distance

49
Q

Is sound travels at a depth of 8 cm, and the attenuation coefficient remains 2 db/cm, what is the total attenuation of the beam?

A

16 db (8 cm x 2 db/cm)

49
Q

In soft tissue, how are attenuation coefficient and frequency related?

A

Directly related

49
Q

true or false, attenuation coefficient is one-third of the frequency?

A

False. Attenuation coefficient is one-half of the frequency

50
Q

What is the equation of attenuation in soft tissue?

A

Frequency/2

SPI (10 decks)

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