Sound, Resonance Flashcards
What is the speed of sound?
approximately 1130 feet or 345 meters per second
The concept of frequency was first proven in experiments by whom?
Marin Mersenne (1588- 1648), the French physicist and musical theorist.
What percentage of a singer’s energies generally is converted into actual sound?
One.
What are sound waves?
alterations in pressure which propel themselves through an elastic medium (in singing, elastic medium is air)
2 phases of a sound wave
Compression phase / increased pressure, leaving behind…
Rarefaction phase / decreased pressure
Slowest and fastest points in a sound wave?
Slowest speed occurs at the two extreme positions
Fastest speed occurs at the median of its oscillation
3 Properties of musical sound
Frequency
Amplitude
Timbre
Frequency is…
# of vibratory cycles per second 2 measurements: CPS=cycles per second Hz=hertz
What is a period?
time taken to complete one vibratory cycle
Wave length
Distance traveled in one complete vibratory cycle
speed of sound (1130 ft or 345 meters/second) / frequency of the wave
Pitch
the mind’s interpretation of frequency
The EAR has max frequency and amplitude sensitivity between…
50 Hz and 4000 Hz
Amplitude
max displacement from a rest position
Loudness
ear’s subjective evaluation of a sound wave’s amplitude
Sound intensity
sound power per unit area (watts/m2 or cm2)
Decibels
ratio of given intensity (I) to threshold of hearing (threshold = 0 decibels) (labeled as dB)
Sound pressure
(measured as SPL) local pressure deviation as compare with atmospheric pressure (caused by a sound wave)
Timbre
(tone quality) - quality of a musical note, sound, or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production
Timbre is determined by these 6 things…
of partials
Distribution of partials
Relative intensity (strength) of partials
Inharmonic partials (not even multiples of F0 (fundamental))
Fundamental Tone
Total intensity