Sound Changes Flashcards
Segmental Change
Simplification of sounds
ie. deaffrication
Auditory Based Change
Based on auditory similarities
Sequential Change
change occurring in a sequence of sounds; most common
- assimilation
- palatalization
- affrication
- dissimilation
- epenthesis
- metathesis
- vowel weakening
- vowel deletion
- consonant deletion
Assimilation
Place, manner, voicing
ie. [d] > [t]/__k
Palatalization
Non-palatal c changes to a palatal c
[k] > [ch]
Affrication
Change of a simple sound into an affrication
Dissimilation
One segment becomes less similar to another; less common; can occur at a distance
Epenthesis
Insertion of a vowel or consonant; can result from anticipation of an upcoming sound
Metathesis
Change in relative order of segments
Vowel Weakening
Vowel reduction = ø
Vowel Deletion
Apocope - deletion of a vowel @ the end of a word
Syncope - deletion of vowel in the middle of a word
Consonant deletion
Common
ie. k lost in English (knight)
Consonant Weakening
Degemination
Frication
Voicing
Scale of consonantal strength
Voiceless stops (stronger) Voiceless fricatives, voiced stops Voiced fricatives Nasals Liquids Glides (weaker)
Degemination
Double consonants (immature)
Frication
Stops weaken to affricates
Voicing
Voiceless become voiced
Intervocalic voicing
Korean
/kamki/ - [kam.gi]
Rhotacism
Gothic maiza > English more
Consonant Strengthening
Gemination Glide strengthening (glide > affricate) [j] > [g]
Segmental Change
Deaffrication (ts > s)
Auditory change
(x > f)
