Phonological Sytems

Question 1

Vowels

Answer 1

Tendency towards symmetry; even distribution

Question 2

Consonants

Answer 2

Less symmetry; all languages have stops

Question 3

Stress

Answer 3

Fixed (Latin, Hebrew)

Free (English, Russian)

Question 4

Tonal

Answer 4

Pitch movement (Mandarin)

Question 5

Pitch-accent

Answer 5

Some properties of stress & tonal (Japanese, Serbian, Croatian)

Question 6

Areal differences

Answer 6

Geographical locations do not determine typological features

Question 7

Syllables

Answer 7

Basic phonological unit; necessary element = vowel

Onset + Rhyme (Nucleus & Coda)

Question 8

Phoneme

Answer 8

Meaningfully interact w/ other sounds; minimal pairs; ability to change meaning of a word

Question 9

Minimal Pairs

Answer 9

Differ in only one phonological element

Question 10

Allophone

Answer 10

Distinct phonetically but does not make a meaningful distinction (aspiration)

Question 11

Phonotactics

Answer 11

Restrictions on syllable structure

Question 12

Language death (extinction)

Answer 12

No more living speakers

Question 13

Endangered languages

Answer 13

Very few speakers