Sound (audition) Flashcards
What are sound waves
these are air molecules that are pressurized, hence try to escape hence creating areas of high and low pressure - sound waves.
Structures of outer, middle and inner ear
Outer - pinna, auditiory canal, tympanic membrane
Middle - Malleus, Incus, stapes
inner - oval window, cochlea ( separated by the basiliar membrane and cochlea also contains the hair cells whic gets activated when potassium channels open up triggering AP in the endolymph), semicirular canal ( endolymph and the otholithic organ)
Kinocilium
is the bundle of fillament that is at the top of the hair cells which attaches to the potassium channels. The potassium cells are flown into the cell from the endolymph which then activate the spiral ganglion cells and activate the auditory nerve.
Base drum and bees
These are in the cochlea which are repsonsible for differntiating between different frequencies of sound.
Base drun –> low frequency
Bees –> High frequency
Base and apex
Are part of basiliar tuning which is used by the brain to make a tonotypical mapping.
Base is at the front of the choclea and hence higher frequency, so smaller wavelength hence do not travel far.
Apex –> towards the end, activated by lower frequency, because higher wavelength hence can travel farther.
Steps in cochlear implantation for the sensory narrow hearing loss
Sound –> microphone –> transmitter (outside the skull) which sends the info to the reciever insdife the cell –> sends it to the stimulator –> sends it to choclea where it converts the electrical impulse into neural impule –> then goes to the brain.
which structure is responsible for somatosensory homunclulus
Sensory cortex. This creates a topological map of the body in the cortex.
Which type of receptor detects both pain and temperature
Ttp1VR this causes conformational change in the protein. Which activates the cells and sends signal to the brain.
