sensory perception

Question 1

Things that allow visual cues to perceptually organize things?

Answer 1

depth, form, motion, constancy

Question 2

What does bionecular cues and monocular cues give the sense of?

Answer 2

binocular is viewing visual cues from 2 eyes and gives a sense of depth
monocular is viewing from one eye and gives a sense of form.

Question 3

Convergence

Answer 3

Things far away, eyes are relaxed. Things close to us, eyes contract.

Question 4

Motion parallax

Answer 4

Things farther away move slower

Question 5

Weber’s law

Answer 5

change in intensity needed or threshold to feel the difference.
Just noticeable difference (JND) is the threshold at which you are able to notice a change in any sensation
K (webers law) = delta I/ I(JND)
I = intensity of the stimulus
Delta I = KND or the threshold at which you are able to notice a change.
Webers law applies to all senses: vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. It is the relation between actual change in a physical stimuli and the perceived space.

Question 6

Absolute threshold and factors that can affect it.

Answer 6

The minimum intensity of stimulus needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. Not the same as JND because thats the difference that is the smallest difference that can be detected 50% of the time. Absolute threshold can be influenced by many factors such as expectations, Experiences, motivation, and alertness.

Question 7

Subliminal threshold

Answer 7

Stimuli below the absolute threshold.

Question 8

Three things that affect the way somatosensation is dependent on?

Answer 8

Intensity –> How quickly neurons fire for us to notice
Timing –> Non-adapting ( neurons fire constantly), slow adapting ( neurons fire at beginning and then slow down), fast adapting( fire fast but inconsistently).
Location–> Specific stimuli by nerves is sent to brain.

Question 9

The vestibular system

Answer 9

comes from both inner ear and limbs
Focuses on balance and spatial orientation
affected by rotation, gravitional and acceleration movement.
Two main component of the inner ear: semicircular canals and otolithic organs.

Question 10

semicirucular canal

Answer 10

part of the inner ear that has endolymph, which is a fluid that allows us to detect what direction our head is moving in and the strength of rotation. Endolymph does not stop spinning the same time as we do, so it continues moving and indicates to brain we are still moving which results in feeling dizzy.

Question 11

Otholthic organs

Answer 11

Utricle and saccule, also part of the inner ear.
Helps detect linear acceleration and head positioning and hence affected by gravity.
If we go from lying down to moving up then it pulls on hair cells and triggers AP.

Question 12

Signal detection theory

Answer 12

under time of uncertainty, deciding whether a stimuli is important or not.
Looks at how we make decision under conditions of uncertainty - discerning between important and unimportant stimuli.
2 players in the theory: strength of the signal or stimuli (d) and strategy (c)
d: hit>miss (strong signal), miss> hit ( weak signal).
c: 2 strategies - conservative ( always say no unless 100% sure signal is present) liberal ( always say yes, even if get false alarm).

Question 13

Gestalt principles

Answer 13

Explains why we perceive things the way we do.
Based on:
similarity ( group similar things together), proximity (group closer things together), pragnaz ( reality is often organized reducing to the simplest form possible), continuity ( lines are seen as following the smoothest lines), closure( objects grouped together are seen as a whole).