Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro mid 2 > Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the somatosensory system involved in?

A

Conscious and unconscious perception of touch, proprioception, temp, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the similar anatomical arrangements that carry somatosensory info?

A
  1. Receptors encode into potentials
  2. Signal travels down axon to soma in the dorsal root ganglion and then along the proximal axon to the spinal cord
  3. Signal ascends spinal cord via white matter to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the term indicating the interpretation of sensory info from skin and the musculoskeletal system?

A

Somatosensation?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What system produces proprioception and pain?

A

Musculoskeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What determines the speed of info processing?

A
  1. Diameter of axons
  2. Degree of myelination
  3. Number of synapses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the five steps of the somatosensory system?

A
  1. Sensory receptor
  2. Sensory neuron travels to spinal cord
  3. Integration center (interneurons?)
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector (muscle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three types of peripheral receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which axon offends info from the receptor to the soma?

A

Distal axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which axon projects from the cell body into the spinal cord?

A

Proximal axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the receptive field?

A

Area of skin innervated by a single afferent neuron (smaller dismally, larger proximally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the sensations from cutaneous receptors?

A

Touch, pain, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What receptor carrier senses fine touch information?

A

A-Beta afferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which fibres carry impulses produced by cooling?

A

A-Delta fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which fibers carry info regarding heat?

A

C-fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What two things is pain comprised of?

A

Conscious sensation of a painful stimulus AND the emotional/autonomic response to the sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are free nerve endings responsive to stimuli that damage/threaten tissue?

A

Nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What part of spindles respond to stretch?

A

The sensory endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What two things do muscle spindles provide info on?

A

Fiber length and velocity of length change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which endings are 1a afferents and in charge of the rate of stretch and length changes?

A

Primary endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the type of fibers that are special within muscle spindles?

A

Intrafusal fibers?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F spindles contract at the central region

A

False - only at the ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two types of intrafusal fibers?

A

Nuclear bag (clumps of nuclei) and nuclear chains (nuclei in a single file)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the motor neurons located in the ventral horn?

A

Gamma motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which neurons innervate intrafusal muscle spindle receptors?

A

Gamma motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Activation of gamma motor neurons does what?

A

Sets spindle sensitivity and compensates for changes (keeps tension)

26
Q

Which system is responsible for stretch reflexes?

A

Muscle spindle activity

27
Q

What structures monitor tension in tendons (by contraction or passive stretch?

A

Golgi tendon organs

28
Q

What receptors respond to mechanical deformation of ligaments and capsules?

A

Joint receptors

29
Q

What three pathways bring sensory info to the brain?

A
  1. Conscious relay pathways
  2. Divergent pathways
  3. Unconscious relay pathways
30
Q

Which pathway is responsible for discriminative touch, pain, temp, and proprioception?

A

Conscious relay pathways

31
Q

Which projection order neuron crosses over and brings info to the thalamus?

A

Second order neuron

32
Q

Which relay system is in charge of fine touch, proprioception, and vibration?

A

Dorsal column / medial lemniscus tract

33
Q

Which relay system is in charge of fast pain, temp, and crude touch?

A

Anterolateral column / spinothalmic tract

34
Q

What is the ability to use touch and proprioceptive info to identify an object?

A

Stereognosis

35
Q

What are the two axons of the first order neuron?

A

Fasciculus gracious (medial and lower) / fasciculis cuneatus (lateral and upper)

36
Q

In the face, the second order neuron crosses over via what?

A

Trigeminal lemniscus

37
Q

What sense discriminative touch info from the face?

A

The three branches of trigeminal nerve

38
Q

To which area of the brain does temperature sensation project to?

A

Primary sensory cortex

39
Q

What part of the spinal cord do peripheral sensory neurons send info to?

A

Dorsal horn of the spinal cord

40
Q

Lesions at the spinothalamic tract containing nociceptive receptors will cause what?

A

Analgesia (absence of pain)

41
Q

What is a circumstance where a single lesion can cause pain sensation to be lost on the ipsilateral side of the face but contralateral side of the body?

A

Crossed analgesia

42
Q

What system in the divergent pathway is responsible for slow pain?

A

Medial pain system

43
Q

What does activity of the medial pain system initiate?

A

Motivation/withdrawal, arousal, autonomic responses to pain

44
Q

T/F the divergent pathway is not a 3-neuron pathway

A

True

45
Q

Why can’t slow pain be precisely localized?

A

It is not somatotopically organized

46
Q

The first neuron of the divergent pathway are always what kind of fiber?

A

C fibers (small unmyelinated)

47
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released at the synapses in the divergent pathways?

A

Substance P

48
Q

What are the three parallel ascending tracts of the medial pain system?

A

Spinomesencephalic, spinoreticular, spinolimbic

49
Q

The spinomesencephalic tract carries info to what two places?

A
  1. Superior follicular in the midbrain (turning of eyes and head towards stimulus)
  2. Periaqueductal gray (descending pain control)
50
Q

Where is the spinoreticular tract located?

A

Reticular formation (network in brainstem that has reticular nuclei and their connections)

51
Q

What is the spinoreticular tract in charge of?

A

Modulating arousal, attention, and sleep-wake functions

52
Q

Which medial pain tract is responsible for the emotional response to pain?

A

Spinolimbic tract

53
Q

Which two medial pain tracts are involved in becoming pale, feeling faint, and throbbing?

A

Spinoreticular and spinolimbic tract

54
Q

From where do unconscious relay tracts get info from?

A

Proprioceptive receptors and activists in spinal interneurons

55
Q

What is the unconscious relay pathway in charge of?

A

Controlling automatic movements and postulate adjustments

56
Q

Ataxia (loss of control of movement) can be caused by what?

A

Inadequate proprioceptive inputs

57
Q

Which pathway has 2 neuron pathways that relay info from proprio receptors to the cerebellar cortex?

A

High-fidelity pathways

58
Q

What are the two high-fidelity pathways?

A

Posterior spinocerebellar pathway (lower) and cuneocerebellar pathway (upper)

59
Q

What are the tracts responsible for relaying the activity of spinal interneurons from the spinal cord to the cerebellum?

A

Internal feedback tracts

60
Q

Which internal feedback tract adjusts movement and posture?

A

Spinocerebellar tract

61
Q

Why are internal feedback tracts so important?

A

Implementing coordination and learning of movements

62
Q

What is the benefit of using both high-fidelity and internal feedback tracts?

A

The cerebellum compares intended output verses actual output

neuro mid 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions