Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro mid 2 > Motor System > Flashcards

Motor System Flashcards

1
Q

What proteins create contraction of muscles?

A

Actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the functional unit of muscles?

A

Sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three structural proteins?

A

M-line, Titian, Z-line (ends)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F myosin heads bind with actin filaments

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the name of the model that shortens (contracts) muscles?

A

Sliding filament model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sliding filament model?

A

Muscle shortens/lengthens by actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other without changing length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The attachment, rotation, and detachment of filaments utilize energy from what source?

A

ATP hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which bands get narrower as shortening continues?

A

I and H bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is another name for muscle membrane?

A

Sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the projections that extend into the muscles that allow for depolarization within the muscle?

A

T-tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Depolarization within the muscles release Ca2+ from what?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+ sacs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the inhibition complex that covers the binding site on actin filaments?

A

Troponin-tropomyosin complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes the movement of the troponin-tropomyosin complex to expose the binding site?

A

Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

To where do UMN tracts deliver signals to?

A

Spinal interneurons and LMNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the cell bodies of LMNs located?

A

In brainstem and ventral horn of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is called the “final common path” by Sir Charles Sherrington?

A

LMNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which motor neuron tract is essential for INITIATING movement?

A

UMNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F UMNs rarely synapse with interneurons before synapsing with LMNs

A

False (most of them do)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a motor unit consist of?

A

LMN and the specific muscle fiber it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F a single motor unit will innervate only one specific muscle fiber TYPE

A

True

21
Q

What are the three classifications of motor unit characteristics?

A
  1. Twitch (speed)
  2. Tension (force)
  3. Fatigability (endurance)`
22
Q

Which type of twitch is very fatigue resistant?

A

Slow twitch (Type 1)

23
Q

Which type of exercise uses Type IIb motor units?

A

Plyometric exercises (fast twitch and v high force)

24
Q

What generates force gradation and changes in tension?

A

Motor unit RECRUITMENT strategies

25
Q

What are the two mechanisms that determine gradation of force?

A
  1. Increased # (recruitment, more motor units)

2. Increased frequency of motor unit discharge (repetitive stimuli = temporal summation)

26
Q

What principle states that orderly recruitment produces smooth muscle actions (fine tuning)

A

Henneman’s Size Principle

27
Q

T/F motor units fire all at once

A

False (different times, different intensities)

28
Q

What are the three types of temporal summation in motor units?

A
  1. Wave summation (2nd stimulus occurs before complete relaxation)
  2. Unfused tetanus
  3. fused tetanus
29
Q

What term refers to motor unit firing rate?

A

Rate coding

30
Q

What does “recruitment strategy varies by size” mean?

A

Smaller muscles rely on rate coding / larger muscles rely on recruitment

31
Q

What is the brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single nerve impulse?

A

Twitch contraction

32
Q

What is the record of muscle contraction called?

A

A Morgan

33
Q

What is a recording of electrical muscle activity?

A

Electromyography (EMG)

34
Q

Which type of motor neurons convey signals to extra/intrafusal skeletal muscle?

A

LMNs

35
Q

What are the two types of LMNs?

A

Alpha motor neurons (large, extrafusal) and gamma motor neurons (medium, intrafusal)

36
Q

What are groups of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve?

A

Myotomes

37
Q

What are groups of cell bodies whose axons project to a single muscle?

A

LMN pool

38
Q

LMN pools are correlated to what four anatomical positions?

A

Medial (axial and proximal muscles)
Lateral (distal muscles)
Anterior (extensors)
Posterior (flexors)

39
Q

What spinal cord function inhibits antagonist muscles during agonist contraction?

A

Reciprocal inhibition (prevents stretch reflex)

40
Q

What do you call the spinal cord’s creation of a complete proprioceptive model of the body in real time?

A

Proprioceptive body schema

41
Q

Which stretch reflex responds to quick stretch?

A

Phasic stretch reflex (deep tendon reflex)

42
Q

T/F the phasic stretch reflex arc is di-synaptic

A

False (monosynaptic)

43
Q

During stretch reflexes, what detects the quick muscle stretch?

A

Muscle spindles

44
Q

What reflex involves a painful stimulus detected by a nociceptor?

A

Withdrawal reflex (flexion reflex)

45
Q

What does a withdrawal reflex result in?

A
  1. Activation of flexor and inhibition of extensor

2. Movement of body away from painful stimulus

46
Q

T/F the withdrawal reflex arc is polysnaptic

A

True

47
Q

What reflex is activated simultaneously with a withdrawal reflex?

A

Crossed extension reflex

48
Q

What does a crossed extension reflex result in?

A
  1. Contralateral activation of extensor and inhibition of flexor
  2. Weight support for contralateral limb

neuro mid 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions