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Neuroscience > Somatosensory > Flashcards

Somatosensory Flashcards

1
Q

Types of afferent fibres and the modality?

A

Aalpha - proprioception
Abeta - pressure/vibration
Adelta- thermal sensation/nociception
Cfibres - nociception and itch

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2
Q

How is stimulus intensity detected?

A

Graded response can be produced

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3
Q

Variance in receptive fields can by tested through

A

2-point descrimination

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4
Q

Muscle spindles lie

A

In parallel with fibres

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5
Q

GTOs lie

A

In series with fibres

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6
Q

A alpha fibres synapse in which laminae

A

VI, VII and IX

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7
Q

A beta fibres synapse in which laminae?

A

III, IV, V (nucleus proprius)

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8
Q

Spinocerebellar afferents synapse in

A

VII, Clarke’s column and project to inferior cerebellar peduncle

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9
Q

Clarkes column is associated with which ascending path?

A

Spinocerebellar

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10
Q

Substantia gelatinosa is associated with which modality and ascending path?

A

Pain, anterolateral spinothalamic tract C fibres

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11
Q

Nucleus proprius is associated with which, fibres and modality?

A

A delta carrying pain

A beta carrying general sensation

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12
Q

Lamina 1 received input from

A

Lissauer’s tract (pain and temp)

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13
Q

Dorsal column sends information to

A

VP thalamus and S1

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14
Q

Proprioception S1

A

3a

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15
Q

Touch S1

A

3b

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16
Q

Rapidly adapting fibres

A

Stop firing action potentials as soon as the produced skin indentation is stationary

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17
Q

Slowly adapting fibres

A

Respond to steady skin indentation with sustained discharge of action potentials.

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18
Q

Which touch fibres (1 or 2 ) are superficial and deep?

A

1 superficial

2 deep

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19
Q

SA1, SA2, RA1, RA2 types

A

Merkel’s discs
Ruffini
Meissner’s
Pacinian

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20
Q

Type 1 sensory receptors better at

A

Small details

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21
Q

Type 2 better at

A

Pressure and vibration

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22
Q

Sensitive to edges and corners

A

Merkel’s discs

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23
Q

Meissner’s structure

A

Encapsulated unmyelinated nerve endings, surrounded by Schwann cells.

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24
Q

Good for microdetection of detailed surface features

A

Meissener’s (rapid adapting good for high acuity)

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25
Q

Ruffini corpuscles located?

A

Palmar folds and finger joints

26
Q

Pacinian corpuscles structure

A

Wrapped in successive layers of connective tissue and myelin called lamellae separated by fluid-filled space.

27
Q

Ruffini sensitive to

A

Skin stretch, stereognosis

28
Q

Good for pressure and vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscles

29
Q

TRPV1

A

Hot painful capsaicin receptor

30
Q

TRPV2

A

Hot, not responding to chemicals (very hot >52 degrees)

31
Q

TRPV8

A

Extreme cold receptor

32
Q

A alpha fibres synapse on

A

Motor neurons, motor Ia inhibitory interneurons and sensory (lamina 6) interneurons

33
Q

A beta proprioception primarily from

A

Static bag and chain fibres

34
Q

A alpha proprioception primarily from

A

Both dynamic and static information

35
Q

Touch receptors afferent neuron

A

A beta (and static proprioception)

36
Q

Thermosensitive a delta project to

A

Nucleus proprius

37
Q

A delta pain synapses in

A

Laminae I

38
Q

C fibre pain synapses in

A

Laminae II interneurons

39
Q

Adelta touch is?

A

Crude touch

40
Q

Sensory afferents go to ipsilateral/contralateral thalamus

A

Contralateral

41
Q

Spinal level above which cuneate tract

A

T6 up

42
Q

Spinal level below which gracile tract

A

T7 down

43
Q

Gracile is medial/lateral to cuneate

A

Medial

44
Q

Sensory decussation occurs

A

Lower medulla (medial lemniscus forms)

45
Q

In medial lemniscus are lower limb medial or lateral

A

Lateral

46
Q

Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal

A

Midbrain, proprioception

A alpha

47
Q

Principle nucleus of trigeminal

A

Pons, touch, A beta

48
Q

Spinal nucleus of trigeminal

A

Medulla, pain/temp, a delta

49
Q

Where does principle trigeminal nucleus axons go?

A

Cross to join medial lemniscus and terminating in VPm

50
Q

Where do mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus axons go?

A

Motor nucleus V

51
Q

Where does spinal trigeminal nucleus axons go?

A

Anterolateral tract

52
Q

Area 1

A

Receives large amounts of input from RA1/2 and is thus important in integrating texture

53
Q

Area 2

A

Receives inputs from 3a in addition to 3b and therefore is key in combining proprioception with touch information, this underpins stereognosis

54
Q

S2

A

Tactile memory

55
Q

Areas 5&7 posterior parietal

A

Tactile memory and sensory integration

56
Q

Brown sequard

A

Loss of ipsilateral sensation and proprioception

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature

LMN lesion at the level of the lesion

UMN lesion below level of the lesion

ANS loss

57
Q

Central cord syndrome

A

Medial corticospinal tract (upper limb/axial muscles) UMN lesion

Progressive loss of sensations

58
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

Preserve proprioception and touch

Crossing anterolateral pain fibres - loss of pain and temperature sensation

Loss of corticospinal fibres

59
Q

White matter, the higher the vertebrae?

A

White matter increases as more fibres

60
Q

Until T6 there is only one…

A

Dorsal column (gracilis)

61
Q

Intermediate horn is much larger where?

A 
Thoracic spine (T1-T12) 
lots of visceral output

and Clarke’s column

62
Q

Larger ventral horns where?

A

(L2-S2), shows where there are large amounts of motor neurons for innervation of the lower limb.

Upper limb is in the cervical segments C4-T2

Neuroscience (19 decks)

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