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Neuroscience > Somatosensation and motor pathways > Flashcards

Somatosensation and motor pathways Flashcards

1
Q

What type of axon for proprioception?

A

A alpha

myelinated

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2
Q

What type of axon for touch and pressure?

A

A beta

myelinated

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3
Q

What type of axon for fast pain?

A

A delta

myelinated

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4
Q

What type of axon for slow pain?

A

C

unmyelinated

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5
Q

What tract and what special features for fine touch (conscious)?

A 
dorsal column-medial lemniscus (neck and below)
trigeminothalamic tract (head)

2-point discrimination
Trigeminothalamic: 3 neurons, crosses ONCE in medulla

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6
Q

What tract and what special features for pain and temp?

A

lateral spinothalamic tract

Axons cross in anterior white commissure to contralateral white matter tract

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7
Q

What tract and what special features for crude touch?

A

anterior spinothalamic tract

non-noxious stimuli

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8
Q

What tract and what special features for unconscious proprioception from upper limbs?

A

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

UNCROSSED
Proprioception from lower limb muscle spindle

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9
Q

What tract and what special features for unconscious proprioception from whole body?

A

ventral spinocerebellar tract

Crosses TWICE (once in cord, once in midbrain)

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10
Q

What tract and what special features for motor control of face, tongue and pharynx/larynx?

A

corticospinal tract (+ corticobulbar)

(pyramidal tract)
Mostly partly crossed
Lateral crosses in medulla
Anterior crosses in cord
Upper and lower motor neurons
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11
Q

What tract and what special features for increasing extensor muscle tone
reflex muscle movements to maintain balance?

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract
extrapyramidal

ipsilateral

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12
Q

What tract and what special features for head position

reflex muscle movements to maintain balance?

A

medial vestibulospinal tract
extrapyramidal

bilateral

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13
Q

What tract and what special features for motor control, autonomic, pain reflex?

A 
Reticulospinal tract (alpha motor neurons)
(extrapyramidal)

Pontine (medial RST) UNCORSSED: facilitates extensors
Medullary (lateral RST) bilateral: inhibits extensors

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14
Q

Upper motor neuron lesions =

A

add or increase

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15
Q

Lower motor neuron lesions =

A

take away or decrease

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16
Q

4 stages in motor cortex stimulation loop?

A

Premotor cortex
basal nuclei
thalamus
(red nucleus) motor cortex

17
Q

3 basal ganglia disorders

A

Parkinson’s- substantia nigra
Chorea & athetosis- striatum
Ballism- subthalamic nucleus

18
Q

3 cerebellar disorders

A

Posterior lobe – intention tremor
Anterior lobe – gait ataxia
Flocculonodular lobe – truncal ataxia

19
Q

8 stages of visual pathway

A 
Retina 
optic nerve 
optic chiasm 
optic tract (info from contralateral visual field)  LGD and superior colliculus optic radiations 
visual cortex 
visual association cortex
20
Q

What is the light reflex?

A

brainstem reflex, direct (pupil in same eye constricts), consensual (pupil in opposite eye constricts)

21
Q

What is the accommodation reflex?

A

controlled by ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae contract (parasympathetic) and medial recti, like light reflex but goes to visual cortex first (conscious)

22
Q

4 stages of the auditory pathway

A

ear to midbrain (IC, for reflexes) to thalamus (MGB) to cortex (conscious appreciation)

23
Q

Three types of hearing damage and response

A

Unilateral destruction = hearing loss
Bilateral destruction = cortical deafness
Wernicke’s area damage = receptive aphasia

24
Q

What is the vestibular pathway?

A

utricle, saccule & semicircular canals to vestibular nerve to lateral vestibular nucleus (control of posture) or medial vestibular nucleus (vestibuloocular reflexes)

25
Q

What structures control static equilibrium?

A

utricle + saccule with otoliths (hairs) that flatten

26
Q

What structure controls dynamic equilibrium?

A

3 semicircular canals

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