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Neuroscience - Test 1 > Somatic Motor System > Flashcards

Somatic Motor System Flashcards

0
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with elbow flexion?

A

C5 and musculocutaneous nerve

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1
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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2
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with wrist extension?

A

C6 and radial nerve

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3
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with elbow extension?

A

C7 and radial nerve

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4
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with finger flexion?

A

C8 and median and ulnar nerves

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5
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with finger ABD?

A

T1 and median and ulnar nerve

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6
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with hip flexion?

A

L2 and femoral nerve

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7
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with knee extension?

A

L3 and femoral nerve

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8
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4 and peroneal (fibular) nerve

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9
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with great toe extension?

A

L5 and peroneal (fibular) nerve

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10
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with ankle plantarflexion?

A

S1 and tibial nerve

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11
Q

What are the three regions of gray matter?

A

Dorsal, lateral, and ventral horns

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12
Q

What do the dorsal horns contain?

A

Sensory nerve fibers

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13
Q

What do the lateral horns contain?

A

Cell bodies of autonomic neurons

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14
Q

What do the ventral horns contain?

A

Cell bodies of motor neurons

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15
Q

What area are the lateral horns most prevalent and why?

A

Thoracic - needed for the ANS

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16
Q

Where are the first and second laminae located?

A

Marginal layer

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17
Q

Where are the third and fourth laminae located?

A

Nucleus proprius

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18
Q

Where is the seventh laminae located?

A

Nucleus dorsalis

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19
Q

Where is the ninth laminae located?

A

Motor nuclei

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20
Q

Where is the tenth laminae located?

A

Grisea centralis

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21
Q

What are the two types of tracts for the white matter?

A

Ascending and descending tracts

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22
Q

What are the ascending tracts and what information do they carry?

A

Afferent and they carry sensory information to the brain

23
Q

What are the descending tracts and what information do they carry?

A

Efferent and they carry motor information from the brain to the body

24
What are the two types of motor neurons and where are they located?
1. Upper motor neurons (UMNs) - located in the brain and synapse with LMN 2. Lower motor neurons (LMNs) - located in the spinal cord
25
Where do the LMN originate?
Ventral horns of the spinal cord
26
What is graded control?
Process that determines the correct amount of force necessary to complete an activity
27
What are the two types of motor units and where are they found?
1. Fast - upper extremity | 2. Slow - lower extremity
28
What are the two types of abnormal reflexes and what do they entail?
1. Diminished - abnormality in the LMNs | 2. Increased - abnormality in the UMNs
29
What is reciprocal inhibition?
Contraction of an agonist with simultaneous relaxation of an antagonist
30
Are withdrawal reflexes slower or faster than myotatic reflexes?
Slower
31
What are the two types of UMN tracts and what type of information do they carry?
1. Ascending - somatosensory | 2. Descending - motor
32
What are the two systems of the descending UMN pathways?
1. Lateral system - outer extremities | 2. Medial system - trunk movement and stance
33
Is a dermatome innervated by an anterior or posterior root?
Posterior
34
Is a myotome innervated by an anterior or posterior root?
Anterior
35
What are the two types of neurons and what do they innervate?
1. Alpha motor neuron - extrafusal fibers | 2. Gamma motor neuron - intrafusal fibers
36
What do alpha motor neurons trigger?
Generation of force
37
What do gamma motor neurons regulate?
Sensitivity of muscles to stretch
38
Where are the dorsal and ventral horns the largest and why?
Lumbosacral enlargement b/c the LE has bigger muscles to innervate
39
What does the white matter contain?
Axons
40
What does the gray matter contain?
Synapses and cell bodies
41
What is two point discrimination?
When a person can tell if there are two fingers (points) touching your skin - Lamina III and IV
42
What is the journey of a LMN?
Travels out the ventral horn, through the ventral root to the spinal nerve, and then to the muscle fiber
43
What is the reverse myotatic reflex?
Regulates muscle tension in normal range and acts as a protective response
44
What is a tract?
Bundles of UMN axons that travel in the white matter
45
What is the distribution of fibers from the lateral and anterior/medial corticospinal tract?
Lateral - 90% of fibers | Anterior/medial - 10% of fibers
46
What is the lateral corticospinal tract responsible for?
Fine control of the distal extremities
47
What is the pathway of the lateral corticospinal tract?
Two neuron process: Travels from the cortex to the midbrain to the pons, to the medulla, crosses at the cervicomedullary junction to the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord
48
What is the pathway of the medial corticospinal tract?
Travels from the cortex to the midbrain to the pons to the medulla and then to the ventral column of the spinal cord (no cross)
49
What is the pathway of the rubrospinal tract?
Travels from the midbrain to the pons to the medulla and to the lateral column of the spinal cord (does not originate in the cortex)
50
What is the pathway of the reticulospinal tract?
Travels from the pons to the medulla to the spinal cord
51
What is the function of the tectospinal tract?
Tract that is involved in hearing or seeing things and then turning your head in the proper direction
52
What is the pathway of the tectospinal tract?
Originates in the midbrain and travels to the pons to the medulla and then to the spinal cord
53
What is the function of the corticobulbar tract?
Voluntary control drive to the brainstem (automatic breathing)
54
Where does the rubrospinal tract originate?
Red nucleus
55
What are the cords involved in central cord syndrome?
Corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts
56
What is the tract involved with anterior cord syndrome?
Ascending spinothalamic tract

Neuroscience - Test 1 (7 decks)

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