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OS1 Lecture > Somatic Dysfunction and Barriers > Flashcards

Somatic Dysfunction and Barriers Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Dysfunction

A

Impaired or altered function of related components of the
somatic (body framework) system: Vascular Lymphatic Neural element

Somatic dysfunction is treatable using osteopathic manipulative treatment

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2
Q

Osteopathic Manipulative

Treatment (OMT)

A 
The therapeutic application of
manually guided forces by an
osteopathic physician to improve
physiologic function and/or
support homeostasis that has
been altered by somatic
dysfunction.
• OMT employs a variety of
techniques including…
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3
Q

Somatic dysfunction

A

impairs the body’s capability for
self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance

Somatic dysfunction disrupts
the reciprocal interrelationship
between structure and function.

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

The level of well-being of an individual maintained by internal physiologic harmony that is the result of a relatively stable state or equilibrium among the interdependent body functions. GOT, 2011

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5
Q

Acute Somatic Dysfunction

A 
Immediate or short-term impairment or
altered function of related components
of the somatic (body framework)
system. Characterized by:
• Vasodilation
• Edema
• Tenderness
• Pain
• Tissue contraction
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6
Q

Chronic Somatic Dysfunction

A 
Impairment or altered function of
related components of the somatic
(body framework) system.
Characterized by:
• Tenderness
• Itching
• Fibrosis
• Paresthesias
• Tissue contraction
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7
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for Somatic Dysfunction

T.A.R.T.

A

Tissue texture abnormalities
Asymmetry of structure or motion
Restriction of motion
Tenderness

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8
Q

Tissue Texture Abnormality

A 
A palpable change in tissues from skin
to periarticular structures
• Types of TTA’s include:
– Bogginess
– Thickening
– Stringiness
– Ropiness
– Firmness (hardening)
– Temperature change
– Moisture change
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9
Q

Bogginess

A

A tissue texture abnormality characterized principally by a palpable
sense of sponginess in the tissue, interpreted as resulting from
congestion due to increased fluid content.

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10
Q

Tissue Texture Abnormality
• Represents any
combination of the
following signs

A

Vasodilation, edema,
flaccidity, hypertonicity,
contracture, fibrosis

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11
Q

Associated with the

following symptoms

A

Itching, pain, tenderness,

paresthesias.

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12
Q

Tone

A

Normal feel of muscle in the relaxed state.

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13
Q

Hypertonicity

A

at the extreme = spastic paralysis)

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14
Q

Hypotonicity

A

(aka flaccid paralysis when no tone at all)

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15
Q

Contraction

A

Normal tone of a muscle when it shortens or is

activated against resistance

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16
Q

Contracture:

A

Abnormal shortening of a muscle due to fibrosis.
Most often in the tissue itself, often result of chronic condition.
Muscle is no longer able to reach its full normal length.

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17
Q

Spasm

A

Abnormal contraction maintained beyond physiologic
need. Most often sudden and involuntary muscular contraction that
results in abnormal motion and is usually accompanied by pain and
restriction of normal function.

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18
Q

Ropiness:

A

Hard, firm, rope-like or cord-like muscle tone. Usually

indicates a chronic condition

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19
Q

Acute vascular TTA

A

Inflamedvesselwall injury,

endogenouspeptidereleased

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20
Q

Acute Sympathetic

A

Localvasoconstriction
overpoweredbylocal
chemicalrelease,neteffectis
vasodilation

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21
Q

Acute Musculature

A

Localincreaseintone,muscle
contraction,spasm –
mediatedbyincreasespindle
activity

22
Q

Chronic Vascular TTA

A

Sympathetictoneincreases

vascularconstriction

23
Q

Chronic Sympathetic

A

Vascoconstriction,
hypersympathetic tone,may
beregional

24
Q

Chronic Musculature

A

Decreasedmuscletone,
flaccid,mushy,limitedROM
duetocontracture

25
Q

Asymmetry

A 
Absence of symmetry of
position or motion
• Dissimilarity in
corresponding parts or
organs on opposite sides
of the body that are
normally alike
• Determined by vision or
palpation
26
Q

Restriction of Motion

A

A resistance or impediment to

movement

27
Q

AB

– Anatomic Barrier -

A

the limit of motion imposed by

anatomic structure; the limit of passive motion

28
Q

PB

– Physiologic Barrier

A

the limit of active motion

29
Q

Elastic Barrier

A

the range between the physiologic and
anatomic barrier of motion in which passive stretching occurs
before tissue disruption; aka, the area that “warms up” with
stretching

30
Q

Restrictive Barrier (RB)

A

a functional limit that abnormally

diminishes the normal physiologic range.

31
Q

Block the Linkage

A

stabilization of associated and adjacent

structures to focus movement to only the joint/s being assessed

32
Q

Barrier “end feel” characteristics

A

The palpatory experience or perceived
quality of motion when a joint is moved to
its limit – a barrier is approached Normal
end feel

Three examples:

Bone to bone – elbow extension
– Soft tissue approximation – knee flexion
– Tissue stretch – Ankle dorsiflexion, shoulder
lateral rotation, finger extension

33
Q

Examples of Restricted ROM and Abnormal Endfeel

• Early muscle spasm

A

Protective spasm after injury

– AKA: “Empty” end-feel or “Gaurding

34
Q

Late muscle spasm

A

Chronic spasm, think chronic

tissue changes

35
Q

Hard capsular

A

Frozen shoulder

36
Q

Soft capsular

A

Synovitis (swelling of the knee after

injury

37
Q

Tenderness

A

Discomfort or pain elicited by
an osteopath through
palpation. A state of unusual sensitivity to
touch or pressure (Dorland’s).

38
Q

Pain

A

an unpleasant sensation
induced by noxious stimuli and
generally received by
specialized nerve endings

39
Q

Acute Pain

A

Sharp,severe,cutting

40
Q

Acute VisceralFunction

A

Minimalsomatoviseral effects

41
Q

Acute Visceral

Dysfunction

A

Mayormaynotbepresent;if
traumaissevere, itisoften
present

42
Q

Chronic pain

A

Dull,ache,paresthesias
(tingling,burning,gnawing,
itching

43
Q

Chronic Visceral Function

A

Somatovisceral effects

common

44
Q

Chronic Visceral Dysfunction

A

Ofteninvolvedinsomatic

dysfunction

45
Q

Tenderpoints

A

small discrete
hypersensitive areas within
myofascial structures that result in
localized pain

46
Q

Trigger point

A

small discrete
hypersensitive areas within
myofascial structures - palpation
causes referred pain away from site

47
Q

Role of OMT in the 5 Models

A

Biomechanical: myofascial & joint functional optimization

48
Q

Neurological:

A

remove neurologic imbalances; address nociception

49
Q

Respiratory/Circulatory

A

maximize function

50
Q

Metabolic

A

structure and function are reciprocally related

51
Q

Behavioral:

A

more of a cause than an effect; how we spend our
time affects the above 4; the Exercise Rx teaches patient’s to treat
themselves

OS1 Lecture (4 decks)

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