Motion Dynamics

Question 1

3 Types of Joints:

Answer 1

Fibrous: skull articulations
Cartilaginous: Discs between vertebrae
–Synovial: extremities

Question 2

Range of Motion

Answer 2

•Motion has direction, range, and quality

Question 3

–Direction

Answer 3

flexion, extension, sidebending, rotation

Question 4

–Range –

Answer 4

Actual measurements in degrees

Question 5

–Quality

Answer 5

Smooth – normal
•Ratcheting – ex. Parkinson’s disease
•Restricted – contracture or somatic dysfunction
•Exhibiting resistance to the motion induced – cerebral palsy

Question 6

End Feel of Range of Motion

Answer 6

•Elastic – like a rubber band
•Abrupt – osteoarthritis or hinge joint
•Hard – somatic dysfunction
•Empty – stops due to guarding (patient
doesn’t allow the motion due to pain)
•Crisp – involuntary muscle guarding as
in pinched nerve

Question 7

Flexibility

Answer 7

Range of motion in a joint or
group of joints or the ability to
move joints effectively
through a complete range of
motion

Question 8

Static

Answer 8

maximal ROM a joint
can achieve with an
externally applied force

Question 9

Dynamic

Answer 9

– ROM an athlete

can produce and speed at which he/she can produce it

Question 10

Stiffness

Answer 10

reduced
ROM of a joint or
group of joints

Question 11

Functional Unit of Spine

Answer 11

two vertebrae, their associated
disc, neurovascular, and other soft tissues
Cervical Spine displays the greatest motion

Complicated system of articulations and bony segments

Question 12

Concept of coupled motion

Answer 12

consistent association of
a motion along or
about one axis, with
another motion about
or along a second axis.
The principle motion
cannot be produced
without the associated
motion occurring as
well.

Question 13

Range of Motion of Spine

Answer 13

Structure and motion

of spinal segments differ substantially over the entirety of spinal column

Question 14

Linkage

Answer 14

Relationship of joint mechanics
with surrounding structures
– By linking multiple structures
together you will get increased
ROM
– Shoulder-spine
– Spine-hip/pelvis

Specific joint assessment requires
joint isolation for accurate
measurement and evaluation
• Functional assessment of a joint
may assess linkage
• Normal vs result of
compensation

Question 15

Linkage

Answer 15

Motion can be tested at one segment or globally

to include surrounding segments or regions

Question 16

Scurvy

Answer 16

Vitamin C deficiency

Question 17

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 17

Blue Sclera

Multiple Fractures

Question 18

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

Answer 18

Collagen dysfunction
• Joint hypermobility
• Stretchy skin

Question 19

Alport Syndrome

Answer 19

Deafness

• Kidney dysfunction

Question 20

Menkes Disease

Answer 20

Copper deficiency
–Kinky hair, growth
failure, deterioration of
nervous system