History of Osteopathy Flashcards

Question

1910

Answer 1

Research and Practice published

Answer 2

Mary Elvira Still dies (married 50 years!)

Answer 3

A. T. Still, MD, DO dies at age 89

Answer 4

1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit | of body, mind, and spirit.

Answer 5

2. The body is capable of self regulation, | self healing, and health maintenance.

Answer 6

Structure and function are | reciprocally interrelated.

Answer 7

``` Rational treatment is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function. ```

Answer 8

Consensus statement, Kirksville, 1953 | “Osteopathy, or Osteopathic Medicine, is a philosophy, a science and an art.

Answer 9

becomes the first state to legally | license DOs, then North Dakota

Answer 10

grants DO’s licensure

Answer 11

American Association for Advancement of | Osteopathy (AAAO) founded

Answer 12

AAAO becomes the American Osteopathic | Association (AOA)

Answer 13

AOA adopted standards for approving | Osteopathic colleges

Answer 14

AOA began inspecting schools

Answer 15

Dr. Abraham Flexner had travelled to all medical schools in US (MD & DO) • Authored a report on the state of medical education • Harsh criticism of both MD and DO schools • Teaching, clinical care, and investigation important • Encouraged clinical rotations • Many medical schools were closed or merged • 8 DO schools left after the report • “Not one of the eight osteopathic schools is in a position to give training as osteopathy demands” • State licensing boards began enforcing stricter requirements

Answer 16

Osteopathy was a 4 year curriculum

Answer 17

AOA revoked ban on teaching | pharmacology at DO schools

Answer 18

Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established A.A. Kaiser, DO & George Conley, DO

Answer 19

``` 30 million died worldwide in 6 months • 50-100 million died 1918-1920 • 3-5% of world’s population • 500 million people infected • Possibly a more virile strain • Possibly a weakened victim • Post World War I ```

Answer 20

``` • 11,118 cases(influenza) 513(pneumonia) • Osteopathic care - 0.25 % death rate • Medical/Osteopathic care - 10% death rate • Nationally publicized data ```

Answer 21

AMA declares it unethical for MDs to | associate with DOs, labeled them “cult

Answer 22

Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery formed by merging ASO and Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy and Surgery

Answer 23

AOA allows teaching of pharmacology under “Comparative Therapeutics”

Answer 24

– Student Loan fund established and | the osteopathic seal

Answer 25

– First inspection and approval of osteopathic hospitals for internships • 18 Hospitals – 81 programs

Answer 26

Required 1 year undergraduate studies, 2 years in 1940, 3 years in 1954, in 1960 - >70% required advanced degrees

Answer 27

ow point of osteopathic college enrollment: 556 students

Answer 28

First approval for Osteopathic residencies | • 71 positions approved, 37 filled

Answer 29

AMA inspects many osteopathic colleges • Medical education comparable, but the facilities inadequate • Recommends removal of the “cult” label

Answer 30

AMA policy change to allow and encourage DOs to enter AMA approved internships and residencies

Answer 31

– Michigan State University affiliated

Answer 32

– Oklahoma State University first freestanding, state funded osteopathic college

Answer 33

A California public referendum prohibited the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state. DOs who agreed to the change were able to obtain an MD degree by attending 12 Saturday classes and paying $65 • 85% of practicing DO’s traded in their DO degrees for MD degrees. • not recognized outside the state of California The College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (COPS) was converted to an allopathic medical school • COPS conversion with few curriculum changes demonstrated the equality of the two programs • Merger of the California Medical Association with the California Osteopathic Association • A year later Proposition 22 passed and abolished the osteopathic licensing board ``` AOA Chartered a new group • Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons of California (OPSC) • Those who wished to retain their DO degrees • Start of a long court battle • Not resolved until 1974 • California Supreme Court ruled that licensing of DO’s in that state must be resumed ```

Answer 34

Mississippi becomes the final state to grant licensure to osteopathic physicians

Answer 35

KCCOS changes its name to the University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine

Answer 36

First DO’s accepted for | residency training in Canada by University of Alberta (cardiology) and University of Calgary (Family Practice)

Answer 37

``` 33 Osteopathic Medical schools • 48 teaching locations • 27,512 Medical students • 102,137 DOs in the US • 56% in primary care ```

Answer 38

``` Profession mounts effort to gain federal recognition and rights to serve in the military • Supported by Teddy Roosevelt • Vetoed by William C. Gorgas • Threatens to withdraw all MD’s ```

Answer 39

``` DOs still not serving in military • MD’s drafted for WWII • Shortage of MDs in US • Hospitals not granting DOs privileges • Rapid increase of DO hospitals in US ```

Answer 40

Congress legalizes DOs to serve in civil service and armed forces • 40 years after efforts began • Fairly unnoticed for 9 years

Answer 41

DOs accepted as equal to MDs

Answer 42

Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara directs Army, Navy, and Air Force to accept DOs that volunteer as officers

Answer 43

Harry J. Walter first commissioned DO into | the armed forces

Answer 44

DOs drafted as medical officers

Answer 45

Nearly 200 DOs serving in | Vietnam War

Answer 46

Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed

Answer 47

Rear Admiral Louis H. Eske, DO first flag officer in the medical corps of military service

Answer 48

``` AT Still supported equality for females in medicine • First class included 5 women (one was his daughter, Blanche) • Jeanette Bolles, DO – first woman to receive the DO degree • Vice president of AAAO ```

Answer 49

– female DOs increase • Osteopathic Women’s National Association (OWNA)

Answer 50

``` Teacher from Indiana • Had spinal meningitis • Treated successfully with osteopathy • Published several books • Worked in histology and postulated the connective tissue model of somatic dysfunction • Louisa Burns award for research still exists ```

Answer 51

``` First Graduate from KCCOS (KCU)1917 • Medical curriculum changed to 4 years the next year, so she went back to complete another year. • Graduated in 1918 • 1919 – joined KCU faculty • Taught gynecology and pediatrics • Retired 1981 (yep! At 92!) • In 1940 Johnston science hall (KC campus) was opened and named after her ```

Answer 52

First Female Dean of a medical college (MD OR DO) • 1993-2001 Ohio University – Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine • First osteopathic physician to win Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship • 2001 VP of New York Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Medical Affairs • 2002 Dean of New York College of Osteopathic Medicine • (Elder) Sister to Diana Ross

Answer 53

``` National Osteopathic Women Physicians Association established (NOWPA) • Founded 1904 - Delta Omega • Also American Association of Osteopathic Women Physicians ```

Answer 54

``` graduate from osteopathic medical school than men • 51% to 49% • 56% of DOs in active practice <10 years are women ```

Answer 55

``` Cuban born • Graduate of KCU!! • President of Florida Osteopathic Medical association 1971-1975 • First minority AOA president in 1988-1989 ```

Answer 56

``` Associate dean KCOM (now AT Still University) • Big in the Civil Rights Movement • Seen here with Martin Luther King, Jr. • AOA president 1994-1995 • AOA board of trustees for 20 years ```

Answer 57

William G. Anderson, D.O. | • AOA Past President 1994-95