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OS1 Lecture > History of Osteopathy > Flashcards

History of Osteopathy Flashcards

1
Q

1839

A

Makes a rope swing to treat a

headache

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2
Q

1849

A

Married Mary Margaret Vaughn

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3
Q

1850

A

Took over mission in Eudora, KS

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4
Q

• 1855

A

Still studied anatomy in Indian
cadavers after a cholera epidemic
(With tribal permission)

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5
Q

1857

A

Elected to Kansas Legislature

• Active in anti-slavery movement

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6
Q

1859

A

9 Mary Margaret dies leaving him
with 3 children (two died within days of
birth

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7
Q

1860

A

Marries Mary Elvira Turner

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8
Q

1861-1864

A

4 Fights in Civil War (Union)

highest rank a Major

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9
Q

1864

A

Battle of Westport (Kansas City)

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10
Q

1864

A

Three of Still’s children die from spinal
meningitis, and another one dies from
pneumonia one month later

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11
Q

10 AM June 22, 1874

A

AT Still flung the

banner of osteopathy to the breeze”

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12
Q

1874

A

Presents his new ideas to Baker University

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13
Q

1874

A

Still is “read out” or formally removed from

the Methodist Church

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14
Q

1874

A

First “recorded” Osteopathic Treatment in

Macon, Missouri

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15
Q

1875

A

Still officially moves his family to

Kirksville, Missour

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16
Q

1885

A

Still coins the term “Osteopathy”
• Continued to advertise as a Bone Setter until
1890

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17
Q

1886

A

Still becomes busy enough to stay in
Kirksville and let patients come to him
• Tries unsuccessfully to apprentice assistants

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18
Q

1892

A

American School of Osteopathy
opens
• 17 Men and 5 women
• 5 of the first students were Still’s children
• Including his youngest child, Blanche
• Professors: AT Still and Dr. William Smith

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19
Q

1894

A 
Second class begins
• 2 year course was $500
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20
Q

1895

A

Enrollment was 28

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21
Q

1896

A

Enrollment was 102

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22
Q

1900

A

700 Students with 18 faculty
• Largest school of healing arts in the country
• 12 or more sister schools started by
graduates

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23
Q

1897

A

Autobiography of A.T. Still is published
•
2nd, expanded edition published in 1908

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24
Q

1899

A

Philosophy of Osteopathy published

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25
Q

1910

A

Research and Practice published

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26
Q

1910

A

Mary Elvira Still dies (married 50 years!)

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27
Q

1917 –

A

A. T. Still, MD, DO dies at age 89

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28
Q

First Osteopathic principle

A
  1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit

of body, mind, and spirit.

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29
Q

2nd Osteopathic principle

A
  1. The body is capable of self regulation,

self healing, and health maintenance.

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30
Q

3rd Osteopathic principle

A

Structure and function are

reciprocally interrelated.

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31
Q

4th Osteopathic principle

A 
Rational treatment is based on an
understanding of the basic principles of
body unity, self regulation, and the
interrelationship of structure and
function.
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32
Q

1953

A

Consensusstatement,Kirksville,1953

“Osteopathy,orOsteopathicMedicine,isaphilosophy,ascienceandanart.

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33
Q

1896

– Vermont

A

becomes the first state to legally

license DOs, then North Dakota

34
Q

1897

– Missouri

A

grants DO’s licensure

35
Q

1897

A

American Association for Advancement of

Osteopathy (AAAO) founded

36
Q

1901

A

AAAO becomes the American Osteopathic

Association (AOA)

37
Q

1902

A

AOA adopted standards for approving

Osteopathic colleges

38
Q

1903

A

AOA began inspecting schools

39
Q

1910

A

Dr. Abraham Flexner had travelled to all medical
schools in US (MD & DO)
• Authored a report on the state of medical education
• Harsh criticism of both MD and DO schools
• Teaching, clinical care, and investigation important
• Encouraged clinical rotations
• Many medical schools were closed or merged
• 8 DO schools left after the report
• “Not one of the eight osteopathic schools is in a position to give
training as osteopathy demands”
• State licensing boards began enforcing stricter requirements

40
Q

1915

A

Osteopathy was a 4 year curriculum

41
Q

1916

A

AOA revoked ban on teaching

pharmacology at DO schools

42
Q

•1916

A

Kansas City College of
Osteopathy and Surgery
established A.A. Kaiser, DO &
George Conley, DO

43
Q

1917-1918 Influenza

Pandemic

A 
30 million died worldwide in
6 months
• 50-100 million died 1918-1920
• 3-5% of world’s population
• 500 million people infected
• Possibly a more virile strain
• Possibly a weakened victim
• Post World War I
44
Q

February 1919 Journal of

Osteopathy

A 
• 11,118 cases(influenza)
513(pneumonia)
• Osteopathic care - 0.25 %
death rate
• Medical/Osteopathic care -
10% death rate
• Nationally publicized data
45
Q

1922

A

AMA declares it unethical for MDs to

associate with DOs, labeled them “cult

46
Q

1926

A

Kirksville College of Osteopathy and
Surgery formed by merging ASO and
Andrew Taylor Still College of Osteopathy
and Surgery

47
Q

1929

A

AOA allows teaching of
pharmacology under “Comparative
Therapeutics”

48
Q

1931 –

A

– Student Loan fund established and

the osteopathic seal

49
Q

1936 –

A

– First inspection and approval of osteopathic hospitals for internships
• 18 Hospitals – 81 programs

50
Q

1938

A

Required 1 year undergraduate studies, 2 years in 1940, 3 years in 1954, in 1960 - >70% required advanced degrees

51
Q

1945

A

ow point of osteopathic college enrollment: 556 students

52
Q

1947 –

A

First approval for Osteopathic residencies

• 71 positions approved, 37 filled

53
Q

1955 – Cline Committee

A

AMA inspects many osteopathic colleges
• Medical education comparable, but the
facilities inadequate
• Recommends removal of the “cult” label

54
Q

1964

A

AMA policy change to allow and
encourage DOs to enter AMA approved
internships and residencies

55
Q

1971

A

– Michigan State University affiliated

56
Q

1972

A

– Oklahoma State University first freestanding,
state funded osteopathic
college

57
Q

The California Incident • 1961:

A

A California
public referendum prohibited the granting of
new licenses to DOs in the state.

DOs who agreed to the change were able to
obtain an MD degree by attending 12
Saturday classes and paying $65
• 85% of practicing DO’s traded in their DO
degrees for MD degrees.
• not recognized outside the state of
California

The College of Osteopathic Physicians and
Surgeons (COPS) was converted to an
allopathic medical school
• COPS conversion with few curriculum changes
demonstrated the equality of the two programs
• Merger of the California Medical
Association with the California Osteopathic
Association
• A year later Proposition 22 passed and
abolished the osteopathic licensing board

AOA Chartered a new group
• Osteopathic Physicians and
Surgeons of California (OPSC)
• Those who wished to retain
their DO degrees
• Start of a long court battle
• Not resolved until 1974
• California Supreme Court ruled
that licensing of DO’s in that
state must be resumed
58
Q

1973 –

A

Mississippi becomes the final
state to grant licensure to
osteopathic physicians

59
Q

1980 –

A

KCCOS changes its
name to the University of
Health Sciences College of
Osteopathic Medicine

60
Q

1986

A

First DO’s accepted for

residency training in Canada by University of Alberta (cardiology) and University of Calgary (Family Practice)

61
Q

OSTEOPATHIC MEDICAL SCHOOLS

Today…

A 
33 Osteopathic Medical
schools
• 48 teaching locations
• 27,512 Medical students
• 102,137 DOs in the US
• 56% in primary care
62
Q

DO’S IN THE MILITARY
•
• 1917

A 
Profession mounts effort to gain
federal recognition and rights to serve
in the military
• Supported by Teddy Roosevelt
• Vetoed by William C. Gorgas
• Threatens to withdraw all MD’s
63
Q

1941 –

A 
DOs still not serving in military
• MD’s drafted for WWII
• Shortage of MDs in US
• Hospitals not granting DOs privileges
• Rapid increase of DO hospitals in US
64
Q

1957

A

Congress legalizes DOs to serve in civil
service and armed forces
• 40 years after efforts began
• Fairly unnoticed for 9 years

65
Q

1963

A

DOs accepted as equal to MDs

66
Q

1966

A

Secretary of Defense, Robert
McNamara directs Army, Navy, and Air
Force to accept DOs that volunteer as
officers

67
Q

1966

A

Harry J. Walter first commissioned DO into

the armed forces

68
Q

1967

A

DOs drafted as medical officers

69
Q

1969

A

Nearly 200 DOs serving in

Vietnam War

70
Q

1977

A

Association of Military
Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons
(AMOPS) formed

71
Q

1983

A

Rear Admiral Louis H. Eske, DO
first flag officer in the medical corps of
military service

72
Q

1892 **

A 
AT Still supported equality for females
in medicine
• First class included 5 women (one was his
daughter, Blanche)
• Jeanette Bolles, DO – first woman to
receive the DO degree
• Vice president of AAAO
73
Q

1920’s –

A

– female DOs increase
• Osteopathic Women’s National
Association (OWNA)

74
Q

WOMEN IN OSTEOPATHY

• Louisa Burns 1870-1958

A 
Teacher from Indiana
• Had spinal meningitis
• Treated successfully with
osteopathy
• Published several books
• Worked in histology and
postulated the connective tissue
model of somatic dysfunction
• Louisa Burns award for research
still exists
75
Q

Mamie Johnston 1889-1986

A 
First Graduate from KCCOS (KCU)1917
• Medical curriculum changed to 4 years
the next year, so she went back to
complete another year.
• Graduated in 1918
• 1919 – joined KCU faculty
• Taught gynecology and pediatrics
• Retired 1981 (yep! At 92!)
• In 1940 Johnston science hall (KC campus)
was opened and named after her
76
Q

Barbara Ross-Lee

A

First Female Dean of a medical college (MD OR DO)
• 1993-2001 Ohio University – Heritage College of
Osteopathic Medicine
• First osteopathic physician to win Robert Wood
Johnson Health Policy Fellowship
• 2001 VP of New York Institute of Technology Health
Sciences and Medical Affairs
• 2002 Dean of New York College of Osteopathic
Medicine
• (Elder) Sister to Diana Ross

77
Q

1988 –

A 
National Osteopathic
Women Physicians Association established (NOWPA)
• Founded 1904 - Delta
Omega
• Also American Association of
Osteopathic Women
Physicians
78
Q

2007-8 and 2008-9 more

women

A 
graduate from
osteopathic medical
school than men
• 51% to 49%
• 56% of DOs in active
practice <10 years are
women
79
Q

Marcelino Oliva 1935-2011

A 
Cuban born
• Graduate of KCU!!
• President of Florida Osteopathic
Medical association 1971-1975
• First minority AOA president in
1988-1989
80
Q

William G. Anderson (1927-)

A 
Associate dean KCOM (now AT
Still University)
• Big in the Civil Rights Movement
• Seen here with Martin Luther
King, Jr.
• AOA president 1994-1995
• AOA board of trustees for 20 years
81
Q

“OSTEOPATHIC
MEDICINE IS AN IDEA
WHOSE TIME HAS
COME”

A

William G. Anderson, D.O.

• AOA Past President 1994-95

OS1 Lecture (4 decks)

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